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1、bailiedu.comTPO35Passage3阅读文章和题目为了方便大家学习，这是小编为大家从模考软件里整理出来的TPO35Passage3的阅读文章和题目，这是最新的TPO了，大家还在等什么？Whatisacommunity?♦TheBlackHillsforest,theprairieriparianforest,andotherforestsofthewesternUnitedStatescanbeseparatedbythedistinctlydifferentcombinationsofspec
2、iestheycomprise.ItiseasytodistinguishbetweenprairieriparianforestandBlackHillsforest—oneisabroad-leavedforestofashandcottonwoodtrees,theotherisaconiferousforestofponderosapineandwhitesprucetrees.Onehaskingbirds;theotherjuncos(birdswithwhiteoutertailfeathers
3、).Thefactthatecologicalcommunitiesareindeed,recognizableclustersofspeciesledsomeearlyecologists,particularlythoselivinginthebeginningofthetwentiethcentury,toclaimthatcommunitiesarehighlyintegrated,preciselybalancedassemblages.Thisclaimharkensbacktoevenearli
4、erargumentsabouttheexistenceofabalanceofnature,whereeveryspeciesisthereforaspecificpurpose,likeavitalpartinacomplexmachine.Suchabeliefwouldsuggestthattoremoveanyspecies,whetheritbeplant,bird,orinsect,wouldsomehowdisruptthebalance,andthehabitatwouldbegintode
5、teriorate.Likewise,toaddaspeciesmaybeequallydisruptive.♦OneofthesepioneerecologistswasFrederickClements,whostudiedecologyextensivelythroughouttheMidwestandotherareasinNorthAmerica.Heheldthatwithinanygivenregionofclimate,ecologicalcommunitiestendedtoslowlyco
6、nvergetowardasingle地址：北京市海淀区海淀北二街8号中关村SOHOA区2层电话：400-890-6000传真：010-82607462网址：bailiedu.com邮编:100080bailiedu.comendpoint,whichhecalledthe"climaticclimax."This"climax"communitywas,inClements'smind,themostwell-balanced,integratedgroupingofspeciesthatcouldoccu
7、rwithinthatparticularregion.Clementseventhoughtthattheprocessofecologicalsuccession—thereplacementofsomespeciesbyothersovertime—wassomewhatakintothedevelopmentofanorganism,fromembryotoadult.Clementsthoughtthatsuccessionrepresenteddiscretestagesinthedevelopm
8、entofthecommunity(ratherlikeinfancy,childhood,andadolescence),terminatingintheclimatic"adult"stage,whenthecommunitybecameself-reproducingandsuccessionceased.Clements'sviewoftheecologicalcommunityreflec
