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ID:47222769
大小:90.86 KB
页数:12页
时间:2019-08-28
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1、《环境工程导论》复习资料一、名词解释Environment:Thesurroundingsof,andinfluenceson,aparticularitemofinterest.Alltheelementsoverwhichadesignerhasnocontrolandthataffectasystemoritsinputsandoutputs.环境:围绕着某一事物(主体)并对该事物会产生某些影响的所有外界事物(客体)。environmentalissues:Environmentalissuesareharmfuleffectsof
2、humanactivitityonthebiophysicalenvironment.环境问题:由于人类活动作用于周围环境所引起的环境质量变化,以及这种变化对人类的生产、生活和健康造成的影响。Pollution:Theintroductionofcontaminantsintothenaturalenvironmentthatcauseadversechange.Pollutioncantaketheformofchemicalsubstancesorenergy,suchasnoise,heatorlight.环境污染:人类直接或间接地
3、向环境排放超过其自净能力的物质或能量,从而使环境的质量降低,对人类的生存与发展、生态系统和财产造成不利影响的现象。waterquality:chemical,physicalandbiologicalcharacteristicsofwater.Itisameasureoftheconditionofwaterrelativetotherequirementsofoneormorebioticspeciesandortoanyhumanneedorpurpose.水与其中所含杂质共同表现出来的物理学、化学和生物学的综合特性。chemica
4、loxygendemand:Chemicaloxygendemand(COD)testiscommonlyusedtoindirectlymeasuretheamountoforganiccompoundsinwater.MostapplicationsofCODdeterminetheamountoforganicpollutantsfoundinsurfacewaterorwastewate匚在一定条件下,采用一定的强氧化剂处理水样时,所消耗的氧化剂量。biochemicaloxygendemand,:BODistheamountof
5、dissolvedoxygenneededbyaerobicbiologicalorganismsinabodyofwatertobreakdownorganicmaterialpresentinagivenwatersampleatcertaintemperatureoveraspecifictimeperiod.在一定期间内,微生物分解一定体积水中的某些可被氧化物质,特别是有机物质所消耗的溶解氧的数量。以mg/L或ppm表示。waterpollution:Pollutionistheintroductionofcontaminants
6、intothenaturalenvironmentthatcauseadversechange.contaminationofwaterbodies(e.g」akes,rivers,oceans,aquifersandgroundwater).Waterpollutionoccurswhenpollutantsaredirectlyorindirectlydischargedintowaterbodieswithoutadequatetreatmenttoremoveharmfulcompounds.排入水体的污染物在数量上超过了该物质在
7、水体中的本底含量和自净能力即水体的环境容量,从而导致水体的物理特征、化学特征发生不良变化,破坏了水中固有的牛态系统,破坏了水体的功能及其在人类牛活和牛产中的作用biologicalwastewatertreatment:Thisisabriefsummaryofthevarioustechniquesthathavebeendevelopedtotreatwastewaterbybiologicalmeans.Theyaccomplishwhatisgenerallycalledsecondarytreatmen匚aerobicsewag
8、etreatment:Aerobicbiologicaltreatmentisperformedinthepresenceofoxygenbyaerobicmicroorganisms(pri
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