词汇学重点概念

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1、词汇学重点概念举例1.Word：Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction.(1)aminimalfreeformofalanguage(2)a发音单位soundunity(3)aunitofmeaning意义单位(4)aformthatcanfunctionaloneinasentence一个可以独立的单位2.Jargon：referstothespecializedvocabulariesbyw

2、hichmembersofparticulararts,sciences,tradesandprofessionscommunicateamongthemselves行话3.Slang：belongstothesub-standardlanguage,acategorythatseemstostandbetweenthestandardgeneralwordsincludinginformalonesavailabletoeveryoneandin-groupwordslikecant,jargon,andargot非

3、主流英语4.Contentwords：denoteclearnotionsandthusareknownasnotionalwords.18实词Theyincludenouns,verbs,adjectives,adverbsandnumerals5.Functionalwords：donothavenotionsoftheirown.Therefore,theyarealsocalledemptywords.Astheirchieffunctionistoexpresstherelationbetweennotion

4、s,therelationbetweenwordsaswellasbetweensentences6.borrowedwords：外来词arewordstakenoverfromforeignlanguages，knownasborrowedwordsorloanwordsorborrowingsinsimpleterms7.Creation创造词：referstotheformationofnewwordsbyusingtheexistingmaterials,namelyroots,affixesandothere

5、lements8.Semanticchange：meansanoldformwhichtakesonanewmeaningtomeetthenewneed根据新需要9.morpheme：is'thesmallestfunctioningunitinthecompositionofwords'最小功能单位1810.FreeMorphemes自由词素：havecompletemeaninginthemselvesandcanbeusedasfreegrammaticalunitsinsentences.Afreemorph

6、emeisonethatcanstandbyitself.(有完整意义whichareindependentofothermorphemesareconsideredtobefree).独立于其他词素11.BoundMorphemes(粘着词素)：Aboundmorphemeisonethatcannotstandbyitself.Theyareboundtoothermorphemestoformwords.不能独立12.Affixes：areformsthatareattachedtowordsorwordelem

7、entstomodifymeaningorfunction附着于单词或者词素Affixescanbeputintotwogroups:1)Inflectionalaffixes(屈折词缀)：affixesattachedtotheendofwordstoindicaegrammaticalrelationshipsareinflectional,thusknownasinflectionalmorphemes.语法关系，单词后2)Derivationalaffixes(派生词缀)：18derivationalaffix

8、esareaffixesaddedtoothermorphemestocreatenewwords.加在词素后13.Aroot：isthebasicformofawordwhichcannotbefurtheranalysedwithouttotallossofidentity.14.stem：canbedefinedasafor