高考常考化学方程式、离子方程式归纳

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1、.....一、无机化学方程式AgAg+2HNO3(浓)===AgNO3+NO2↑+H2O3Ag+4HNO3(稀)===3AgNO3+NO↑+2H2OAl2Al+2NaOH+2H2O===2NaAlO2+3H2↑2Al+2OH-+2H2O===2AlO2-+3H2↑Al+4HNO3(稀)===Al(NO3)3+NO↑+2H2O(Al、Fe在冷、浓的H2SO4、HNO3中钝化)Al2O3+3H2SO4===Al2(SO4)3+3H2OAl2O3+6H+===2Al3++3H2OAl2O3+2NaOH===2NaAlO

2、2+H2OAl2O3+2OH-===2AlO2-+H2O2Al(OH)3Al2O3+3H2OAl(OH)3+3HCl===AlCl3+3H2OAl(OH)3+3H+===Al3++2H2OAl(OH)3+NaOH===NaAlO2+2H2OAl(OH)3+OH-===AlO2-+2H2OAlCl3+3NaOH===Al(OH)3↓+3NaClAl3++3OH-===Al(OH)3↓AlCl3 + 4NaOH === NaAlO2 + 3NaCl +2H2OAl3++4OH-===AlO2-+2H2OAlCl3+3

3、NH3·H2O===Al(OH)3↓+3NH4ClAl3++3NH3.H2O===Al(OH)3↓+3NH4+2AlCl3+3Na2CO3+3H2O===2Al(OH)3↓+3CO2↑+6NaCl2Al3++3CO32-+3H2O===2Al(OH)3↓+3CO2↑AlCl3+3NaHCO3===Al(OH)3↓+3CO2↑Al3++3HCO3-===Al(OH)3↓+3CO2↑AlCl3+3NaAlO2+6H2O===4Al(OH)3↓+3NaClAl3++3AlO2-+6H2O===4Al(OH)3↓Al2(

4、SO4)3+3Na2S+6H2O===2Al(OH)3↓+3H2S↑2Al3++3S2-+6H2O===2Al(OH)3↓+3H2S↑NaAlO2溶液滴加少量HClAlO2-+H++H2O===Al(OH)3↓NaAlO2溶液滴加足量HClAlO2-+4H+===Al3++2H2ONaAlO2溶液滴加FeCl33AlO2-+Fe3++6H2O===Fe(OH)3↓+3Al(OH)3↓铝盐水解Al3++3H2OAl(OH)3+3H+CC+H2OCO+H2(生成水煤气)2C+SiO2Si+2CO(制得粗硅)C+2H2

5、SO4(浓)CO2↑+2SO2↑+2H2OC+4HNO3(浓)CO2↑+4NO2↑+2H2OCO+H2OCO2+H2CO2+2Mg2MgO+CCO2+2NaOH(过量)===Na2CO3+H2OCO2+2OH-===CO32-+H2OCO2(过量)+NaOH===NaHCO3CO2+OH-===HCO3-CO2+Ca(OH)2(过量)===CaCO3↓+H2OCa2++CO2+2OH-===CaCO3↓+H2O2CO2(过量)+Ca(OH)2===Ca(HCO3)2CO2+OH-===HCO3-CO2+2NaAl

6、O2+3H2O===2Al(OH)3↓+Na2CO32AlO2-+CO2+3H2O===2Al(OH)3↓+CO32-CO2+C6H5ONa+H2O===C6H5OH+NaHCO3（变浑浊）C6H5O-+CO2===C6H5OH+HCO3-CO2+NH3+NaCl+H2O===NaHCO3↓+NH4Cl(侯德榜制碱法)学习参考.....CaCaCO3+SiO2CaSiO3+CO2↑CaH2+2H2O===Ca(OH)2+2H2↑ClCl2+2FeCl2===2FeCl3Cl2+2Fe2+===2Fe3++2Cl-

7、Cl2+SO2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HClCl2+SO2+2H2O===SO42-+4H++2Cl-Cl2+H2O===HCl+HClOCl2+H2O===Cl-+H++HClOCl2+2NaOH===NaCl+NaClO+H2OCl2+2OH-===Cl-+ClO-+H2O2Cl2+2Ca(OH)2===CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2OCl2+2OH-===Cl-+ClO-+H2OCu3CuO+2NH33Cu+N2+3H2OFeFe2O3+2AlAl2O3+2FeFe2O3+3CO2Fe+3CO2

8、Fe3O4+4H23Fe+4H2O3Fe+4H2O(g)Fe3O4+4H2Fe3O4+8HCl(浓)FeCl2+2FeCl3+4H2OFe3O4+8H+===Fe2++2Fe3++4H2O4Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O===4Fe(OH)32Fe(OH)3Fe2O3+3H2O2FeCl3+Fe===3FeCl2Fe+2Fe3+===3Fe2+2FeCl3+Cu===2F