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1、名词解释1、Epic:Alongandnarrativepoemwritteninanelevatedstylethatrecountstheadventuresofahero,whooftenembodiesthetraitsofanationorpeople.Theearliestepictalessurvivedforcenturiesasoraltraditionsbeforetheywerefinallywrittendown.Epicstypicallyshareawidevarietyofcharacteris
2、tics:1)the protagonistisaheroofgreatstatureandsignificance;2)thesettingisvastinscope,ofteninvolvingmorethanonenation;3)theactionrequiresnoble,fantastic,andevensuperhumanactions; 4)thethemereflectstimelessvalues,suchascourageandhonor,andencompassesuniversalideas,suc
3、hasgoodandevilorlifeanddeath;BeowulfistheoldestsurvivingepicpoeminEnglish.2、SonnetA sonnet isapoeticformwhichoriginatedin Italy.Inthe13thcentury,sonnetreferstoa14-linelyricpoemwithacomplicatedrhymeschemeandadefinedstructure,usuallywritteniniambicpentameter.Sonnetca
4、nbedividedinto3typesaccordingtodifferentstructures:1)Petrarchansonnet.ItwasderivedfromthegreatItalianpoetPetrarch;1)Shakespeareansonnet.Theshakespeareansonnetformcontains3quatrainsandaheroiccouplet.Therhymeschemeisababcdcdefefgg.ThemostfamoussonneteerisWilliamShake
5、speare;2)Spenseriansonnet.ItwasintroducedinBritainbySirThomasWyatt.Itcontains3quatrainsandacouplet.WhatisuniquetotheSpenseriansonnetistheinterlockingrhymescheme:ababbcbccdcdee.3、PastoralApastoralisapoemthatpresentsshepherdsinidealizedruralsettings.Renaissancepoetsl
6、ikeMarloweandRaleighusedthepastoralformtoexpresstheirfeelingsandthoughtsaboutloveandothersubjects.Shepherdinpastoraltendtousecourtlyspeech.Thepoemsusuallyhavemetricalpatternsandrhymeschemesthathelpgivethemamusicalorsonglikequality.Theimageryderivesfromcommonplaceco
7、untrysettings.4、MetaphysicalpoetryMetaphysicalpoetryistermadoptedbySamuelJohnsontodescribeaschoolofhighlyintellectualpoetrymarkedbyboldandingeniousconceits,incongruousimagery,complexityofthought,frequentuseofparadox,andoftenbydeliberateharshnessorrigidityofexpressi
8、on.Themainthemesofthemetaphysicalpoetsarelove,death,andreligion.Themetaphysicalpoetrycanbedifficulttounderstand.Theyshareseveraltraits:1)simple,c
