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1、AnewstudylinksheavyairpollutionfromcoalburningtoshorterlivesinnorthernChina.Researchersestimatethatthehalf-billionpeoplealivethereinthe1990swillliveanaverageof5yearslessthantheirsoutherncounteipartsbecausetheybreatheddirtierair.Chinaitselfmadethecomparison
2、possible:fordecades,anow-discontinuedgovernmentpolicyprovidedfreecoalforheating,butonlyinthecoldernorth.Researchersfoundsignificantdifferencesinbothparticlepollutionoftheairandlifeexpectancyinthetworegions,andsaidtheresultscouldbeusedtoextrapolatetheeffect
3、sofsuchpollutiononlifespanselsewhereintheworld.ThestudybyresearchersfromChina,IsraelandtheUnitedStateswaspublishedTuesdayintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences・Whilepreviousstudieshavefoundthatpollutionaffectshumanhealth,thedeeperandultimatelymorei
4、mportantquestionistheimpactonlifeexpectancy,saidoneoftheauthors,MichaelGreenstone,aprofessorofenvironmentaleconomicsatMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Thisstudyprovidesauniquesettingtoanswerthelifeexpectancyquestionbecausethe(heating)policydramaticallyal
5、terspollutionconcentrationsforpeoplewhoappeartobeofotherwiseidenticalhealth,Greenstonesaidinanemail.Further,duetothelowratesofmigrationinChinainthisperiod,wecanknowpeoplesexposureoverlongtimeperiods,hesaid.Thepolicygavefreecoalforfuelboilerstoheathomesando
6、fficestocitiesnorthoftheHuaiRiver,whichdividesChinaintonorthandsouth.Itwasineffectformuchofthe1950-1980periodofcentralplanning,and,thoughdiscontinuedafter1980,ithasleftalegacyinthenorthofheavycoalburning,whichreleasesparticulatepollutantsintotheairthatcanh
7、armhumanhealth.ResearchersfoundnoothergovernmentpoliciesthattreatedChinasnorthdifferentlyfromthesouth.Theresearcherscollecteddatafor90cities,from1981to2000,ontheannualdailyaverageconcentrationoftotalsuspendedparticulates.InChina,thoseareconsideredtobeparti
8、clesthatare100micrometersorlessindiameter,emittedfromsourcesincludingpowerstations,constructionsitesandvehicles.Theresearchersestimatedtheimpactonlifeexpectanciesusingmortalitydatafrom1991-2000.Theyfoundthati
