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1、液压与气动的发展史ThehistoryofhydraulicandpneumaticdevelopmentReferredtoasthefluiddrive,hydraulicandpneumatictransmissionisaccordingtothe17thcenturyPASCALcarryouttheprincipleofhydrostaticpressureanddynamicanddevelopedanewtechnology,isatechnologywidelyusedinindustrialandagriculturalproduction.Today
2、,theleveloffluidtransmissiontechnologyhasbecomeanimportantindicatorofthelevelofindustrialdevelopmentinacountry.In1795BritainJosephBramanfamily(JosephBraman,1749-1814),inLondonwithwaterasworkingmedium,intheformofahydraulicpressisappliedtoindustry,theworld，sfirsthydraulicpresswasborn.In1905
3、,theworkingmediumwaterwaschangedtooilandfurtherimproved・Afterthefirstworldwar(1914-1918),thehydraulictransmissionwaswidelyused,especiallysince1920.Thehydrauliccomponentsbegantoentertheformalindustrialproductionstageinthelate19thandearly20thcenturies・In1925,F.Vikersinventedthepressure-bala
4、ncedvanepump,whichlaidthefoundationforthegradualestablishmentofmodernhydrauliccomponentindustryorhydraulictransmission.Intheearly20thcentury,thetheoryandactualstudyofenergyfluctuationswerecarriedoutbyg・Constantimsco;In1910,thecontributionofhydraulictransmission(hydrauliccoupling,hydraulic
5、torqueconverter,etc・)madethesetwoareasofdevelopment.3Duringworldwarii(1941-1945),30%ofAmericanmachinetoolswereappliedtohydraulictransmission.ItshouldbepointedoutthatthedevelopmentofhydraulictransmissioninJapanismorethan20yearslaterthanthatoftheUnitedStatesandEurope・In1955,Japanrapidlydeve
6、lopedhydraulictransmissionandthe''hydraulicindustrymeeting"wasestablishedin1956・Inthepast20-30years,Japan，shydraulicdrivehasdevelopedrapidlyandistheworld，sleadingposition.Hydraulictransmissionhasmanyoutstandingadvantages,soitsapplicationisveryextensive,suchasregularwork・Plasticsprocessing
7、machinery,pressuremachinery,machinetools,etc.Constructionmachinery,constructionmachinery,agriculturalmachinery,automobilesetc.Metallurgicalmachinery,hoistingdeviceandrolladjustingdeviceforsteelindustry;Floodcontrolgatesandleveesofcivilwaterconservancyprojects,riverb
