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1、文艺复兴时期威廉·莎士比亚WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)AsthespokesmanofEnglishRenaissance,WilliamShakespeareisoneofthemostremarkableplaywrightsandpoetstheworldhaseverknown.Withhis38plays,154sonnetsand2longpoems,hehasestablishedhisgiantpositioninworldliterature.Hamlet,thes
2、ummitofShakespeare’sart,istheprofoundestexpressionofhishumanismandhiscriticismofcontemporarylife.弗朗西斯·培根FrancisBacon(1561-1626)AsarepresentativeoftheRenaissanceinEngland,BaconwasthefounderofmodernscienceofEnglandandthefirstEnglishessayist.Hisessayscoverawidev
3、arietyofsubjects.Theyhavewonpopularityfortheirprecision,clearness,brevityandforce.OfStudiesisthemostpopularofBacon’s58essays.Forcefulandpersuasive,compactandprecise,OfStudiesrevealstousBacon’smatureattitudetowardslearning.埃德蒙·斯宾塞EdmundSpencer(1552-1599)Spence
4、rwasrecognizedasthe“Poet’spoet”byhiscontemporariesandhadgreatinfluenceonanumberofgreatEnglishpoetsinthelatercenturies.Hisgreatestwork,TheFaerieQueene,waswritteninSpenserianstanza,whichwasapopularverseforminventedbyhim.Theprincipleintentionistopresentthrougha“
5、historicalpoem”theexampleofaperfectgentleman.浪漫主义时期威廉·布莱克WilliamBlake(1758-1827)BlakeisregardedasaPre-RomanticoraforerunneroftheRomanticpoetryofthe19thcentury,whoproclaimedthesupremacyoftheimaginationovertherationalismandmaterialism.InhismasterpieceSongsofInn
6、ocenceandSongsofExperience,theworldisseenfromachild’spointofview,butthepoemsalsofunctionasparablesofadultexperience.威廉·华兹华斯WilliamWordsworth(1770-1850)WilliamWordsworthwastheleadingfigureoftheEnglishromanticpoetry.Hispoemsaremainlyaboutthebeautyofnatureandits
7、relationshipwithallhumanbeings.Hisbest-knownworkLyricalBalladsmarkedthebeginningoftheRomanticrevivalinEngland.ItsprefaceservedasthemanifestooftheEnglishRomanticmovementinpoetry.He,togetherwithColeridgeandSouthey,hasoftenbeenmentionedasthe“LakePoets”.拉尔夫·瓦尔多·爱
8、默生RalphWaldoEmerson（1803-1882）EmersonwasthechiefspokesmanofNewEnglandTranscendentalism,whichisunanimouslyagreedtobethesummitoftheromanticperiodinthehistoryofAmericanliterature.Hegreatlyin
