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1、FrankClosePARTICLEPHYSICSAVeryShortIntroduction13GreatClarendonStreet,Oxfordox26dpOxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford.ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship,andeducationbypublishingworldwideinOxfordNewYorkAucklandBangkokBuenosAires
2、CapeTownChennaiDaresSalaamDelhiHongKongIstanbulKarachiKolkataKualaLumpurMadridMelbourneMexicoCityMumbaiNairobiSãoPauloShanghaiTaipeiTokyoTorontoOxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountriesPublishedintheUnitedStatesbyOxfordUniversityPressInc.,N
3、ewYork©FrankClose,2004ThemoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenassertedDatabaserightOxfordUniversityPress(maker)FirstpublishedasaVeryShortIntroduction2004Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthepriorperm
4、issioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermittedbylaw,orundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographicsrightsorganizations.EnquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressaboveYoumustnotcirculat
5、ethisbookinanyotherbindingorcoverandyoumustimposethissameconditiononanyacquirerBritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataDataavailableLibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationDataParticlephysics:averyshortintroduction/FrankClose.(Veryshortintroductions)Includesbibliographicalreferenc
6、esandindex.ISBN0–19–280434–01.Particles(Nuclearphysics)—Popularworks.I.Title.IISeries.QC778.C562004539.7′2—dc222004049295ISBN0–19–280434–013579108642TypesetbyRefineCatchLtd,Bungay,SuffolkPrintedinGreatBritainbyTJInternationalLtd.,Padstow,CornwallContentsForewordviiiListofillustration
7、sandtablesx1Journeytothecentreoftheuniverse12Howbigandsmallarebigandsmall?123Howwelearnwhatthingsaremadeof,andwhatwefound224Theheartofthematter345Accelerators:cosmicandmanmade466Detectors:camerasandtimemachines627TheforcesofNature818Exoticmatter(andantimatter)929Wherehasmattercomefr
8、om?10610Questionsfo
