inflection_词的屈折(曲折).ppt

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1、Inflection词的屈折DefinitionInflectionisvariationintheformofaword,typicallybymeansofanaffix(词缀),thatexpressesagrammaticalcontrastwhichisobligatoryforthestem’s(词干)wordclassinsomegivengrammaticalcontext.Inflectionalaffixes屈折词缀inflection:themanifestationofgrammaticalrelationshipthroughtheadditionofinflec

2、tionalaffixes,suchasnumber,person,finiteness,aspectandcase,whichdonotchangethegrammaticalclassofthestemstowhichtheyareattached.屈折变化：屈折变化是通过附加屈折词缀的语法关系的表现，如数、人称、有定性、体、格，屈折词缀不会改变所附加词语的语法类。affixesattachedtotheendofwordstoindicategrammaticalrelationshipsareinflectionalInflectionalaffixes屈折词缀加在词干的后边，传递

3、不同的语法关系或语法范畴，如数、时、格等。如books中的-s是屈折词缀，传递复数；wiser中的-er是屈折词缀，传递比较级概念，等。Inflectionisaprocesswhichcombineswordsandaffixes(alwayssuffixesinEnglish)toproducedifferentwordformsofthesamelexeme.Inflectionalmorphologyoccurswithnouns,pronounsandverbs.Innouns,inflectionmarkspluralityinregularnouns:Inflectiona

4、ndDerivationSumup,inflectionisaprocesswhichproducesdifferentwordformsofthesamelexeme;whereasderivationcreatesnewwordsIfderivationandinflectionco-occurs,derivationsareinner,closertothestem,andinflectionsareouter,furthestfromthestem.ExampleBase+Derivation+Inflectionfrightenedfright-en-edactivatingac

5、t-ate-ingpaymentspay-ment-sresignationsresign-ation-sDerivationistheformationofanewwordorinflectablestemfromanotherwordorstem.Ittypicallyoccursbytheadditionofanaffix. Thederivedwordisoftenofadifferentwordclassfromtheoriginal.Derivationalaffixes（派生词缀）A）prefix:Aprefixcomesbeforewords.B）suffix:Apre

6、fixcomesafterwords前缀出现在单词的前边。前缀的主要功能是改变词干的语义，一般来说前缀不改变词的词性，如，当我们在friendly前边加上un-时，它的语义发生了改变，但是单词的词性不变。但是，也有一些例外情况，如：unearth,enlarge,prewar等。后缀加在词干的后边。后缀主要改变词性，也可以改变语义的功能。TypesofderivationalaffixesDerivationalaffixesareoftwokinds:word-classchangingandword-classmaintaining.Nominalizersareusedtoformn

7、ounsVerbalizersareusedtoformverbsAdjectivizersareusedtoformadjectivesAdverbializersareusedtoformadverbsNominalizerVerbAffixNounAdj.AffixNounleak-ageleakageaccurate-yaccuracygovern-mentgovernmentsocial-istsocialis