existentialism存在主义.ppt

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1、IntrotoexistentialismAdaptedfromlecturenotesfromDavidBanach,SaintAnslemCollegeandAnnaKnowlesofEastCarolinaUniversityImagesandbiographicalinfofromWikipediaandGoogleA.P.EMs.SchoppelTheologicalexistentialismpositsGod'sexistence,aswellasacceptingmanytenetsofatheisticexistentialism.BeliefinGodisap

2、ersonalchoicemadeonthebasisofapassion,offaith,anobservation,orexperience.TheologicalexistentialistsalsohavefreewillJustasatheisticexistentialistscanfreelychoosenottobelieve,theisticexistentialistscanfreelychoosetobelieveinGodcould,despiteone'sdoubt,havefaiththatGodexistsandthatGodisgood.Agnost

3、icexistentialismmakesnoclaimtoknow,ornotknow,ifthereisa"greaterpicture"inplay;ImpossibletoKNOW“greaterpicture”becausewearelimitedifitisnotimpossible,thatatleasthehasnotfoundityet.AgnosticexistentialismLikeChristianexistentialists,theagnosticbelievesexistenceissubjective.Whatdoesthatmean?Sartre

4、anexistentialismMostexistentialistsfallundertheseguidelines…“Existenceprecedesessence”Wehavenopredeterminednatureoressencethatcontrolswhatweare,whatwedo,orwhatisvaluableforus.Comparativequestion:HowdoesthatfirstbeliefdifferfromPlato’stheoryoftheforms?FreewillWeareradicallyfreetoactindependentl

5、yofdeterminationbyoutsideinfluences.Wecreateourownhumannaturethroughthesefreechoicesand..WeareultimatelyaloneAbsoluteIndividualityandAbsoluteFreedom.Weareisolatedislandsofsubjectivityinanobjectiveworld,wehaveabsolutefreedomoverourinternalnaturethesourceofourvaluecanonlybeinternalInotherwords…W

6、earethrownintoexistencefirstwithoutapredeterminednatureandonlylaterdoweconstructournatureoressencethroughouractions.ThisiswhathearguesagainstESSENCEPRECEDESEXISTENCETherefore,theExistentialistsbelievedin…Facticity(throwness):Wefindourselvesexistinginaworldnotofourownmakingandindifferenttoourco

7、ncerns.IOW-butfindourselvesthrownintoaworldwedon'tcontrolanddidn'tchoose.AnxietyBecauseof“throwness”wearefacedwiththeawesomeresponsibilityofchoosingouractionsandconsequencesDespairwedonothaveanyhopeofexternalvalueordeterminationandrestr