An introduction to the British geography and climate.ppt

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1、AnintroductiontoclimateGMT+8China’stimeisGMT+8Meridiansoflongitudeandparallelsoflatitudetogetherformagridwhichcanidentifyanypositionontheglobe.Theparallelsoflatitude(theEquatoris0°Latitude)redefinedbytherotationalaxisoftheEarth,butthePrimeMeridianisarbitrary:Longitude0°0

2、'00"passesfrompoletopoleanddividestheEarthintoeastandwest.ThisLongitudeiscalledtheGreenwichPrimeMeridian.GMTisnamedaftertheBritishRoyalObservatoryinGreenwich,London).GMTpart2Therapidexpansionoftherailwaysandcommunicationsnetworksduringthe1850sand1860s,meantsettingastanda

3、rdglobaltimesoonbecamenecessary.Britain’sdominationofworldmaritimetrademeantthatbythen72%oftheworld'sshippingalreadyreliedonseacharts(maps)basedonGreenwich.In1884itwasagreedGMTwouldbetheworldstandard,thedaybeginningatmidnightatGreenwichwitha24-hourclock.Acentralisedsyste

4、mof24uniformtimezonesfor24hourshasneverhappened:countriesoptedouttodemonstratenationalindependence(Venezuela)keepintimewithneighbours(France,Spain)maintainstandarddayswithintheirborders(China).AllCommonwealthcountriesuseGMTbutothersuseCoordinatedUniversalTime(UTC)basedon

5、atomicclocks,andGPStechnologyAnintroductiontotheClimate“Anddidthosefeet,inancienttimes,walkuponEngland’scrowdedhills,inEngland’sgreenandpleasantland”.(traditionalsong-Jerusalem)TheclimatehasplayedastrongroleintheBritishnationandhashadaroletoplayinhistory.Example:Yousawth

6、atin55BCJuliusCaesar’stroopsweredrivenbacktoFrancebyseverestorms,thussavingBritainfromanotherinvasionfor100years.“那些脚，在远古时代，走路后，英格兰的拥挤的山丘，在英格兰的绿色宜人的土地”。（传统歌曲-耶路撒冷）在英国国家气候方面发挥强有力的作用，并曾在历史上发挥了作用。例如：你看到，在55个公元前凯撒大帝的军队被赶出法国的风暴，从而节省从另一个入侵英国100年。Temperateandmaritime:Northernla

7、titude(49-55°N)causesittohavea“temperate”(“mild”)climate(asopposedtocold,sub-tropical,ortropical).TheNorth-EastoftheUSAhasasimilar“temperate”climate.Britainhasa“maritime”climate(likeBrittanyinFrance,orIreland)asitsclimateisstronglyinfluencedbythesea.Britainissurroundedby

8、theAtlanticOceantothewest,theEnglishChanneltothesouth,andtheNorthSeatotheeast.英国北部的纬度会导致它有一个“温和的”（“轻度”）