材料概论英文版武汉理工大学.doc

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1、......Material:SolidsusedbymankindtoproduceitemswhichconstitutethesupportforhislivingenvironmentCharacteristicsofmaterialsuHavecertaincompositions;uCanbeprocessed;uWithcertainshapeandcolor;uCanbeusedandreusedorrecycled.u特点:p具有一定的成分和配比；p可成型加工；p保持一定形状和外观；p具有使用价值并可回收再利用。材料性能的决定因素u组

2、成材料的各元素的原子结构，u原子间的相互作用、相互结合，u原子或分子在空间的排列分布和运动规律,u原子集合体的形貌特征。ClassificationofmaterialsuAtomicstructuresuNatureofchemicalbonds:pMetallicbond金属键pIonicbond离子键pCovalentbond共价键.专业.专注.......pSecondarybond次价键pVanderWaalsbond范德华力pHydrogenbond氢键Classification:umetalsandtheiralloys:-metall

3、icbondinguOrganicpolymers:Covalentbonding&secondarybondinguCeramics:Ionicbonding&covalentbondingMetalsandtheiralloys:uaregoodconductorsofheatandelectricity;uareopaquetovisiblelight;uarehard,rigid;ucanundergoplasticdeformationuhaveahighmeltingtemperature(Tm).Organicpolymers:.专业.专

4、注.......umadeupoflong-chainmolecules;uareelectricalandthermalinsulators;uarelightandeasilyformable;uthebest-knownorganicpolymersare:ppoly(vinylchloride)(聚氯乙烯，PVC);ppolyethylene(聚乙烯，PE);ppolystyrene(聚苯乙烯，PS)。Compositematerials:Areconstitutedbytwoormoredifferentmaterialswithspecif

5、icproperties.ØGlassfiberreinforcedresins:lightweightcompositeswithhighmechanicalstrengthØConcrete:anagglomerationofcement,sandandgravelMechanicalproperties:pThebehaviorofmaterialsdeformedbyasetofforces.p弹性Elasticityp塑性Plasticityp强度Strengthp硬度Hardnessp韧性Toughness.专业.专注.......p疲劳特

6、性Fatiguebehaviorp耐磨性AbrasionresistancePhysicalproperties:uThebehaviorofmaterialssubjectedtotheactionoftemperature,electricormagneticfields,orlight.p电性能Electricpropertiesp磁性能Magneticpropertiesp热性能Thermalpropertiesp光性能OpticalpropertiesChemicalproperties:uThebehaviorofmaterialinare

7、activeenvironment.u抗腐蚀能力CorrosionresistancepAtmospherically,pChemically(salts,acid,alkali)MaterialsEngineering:uConcernedwithpManufacturing,pTransformationpShapingpProcessing..专业.专注.......ThethreemostcommoncrystalstructuresofmetalsarepBody-centeredcubicstructure,pFace-centeredcu

8、bicstructure,pHexagonalclose-packedstructurePro