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1、Basketball——沈银燕Whatisbasketball?Ifyouarethinkingaboutthebigroundthingwhichmakesnoiseeveryday…Abasketballisaspherical(球形的)inflated(充气的)ballusedinthegameofbasketball.Andasfortheevent…ateamsportshootaballthroughabaskettoscorepointsFollowsasetofrulesBasketballiso
2、neoftheworld'smostpopularandwidelyviewedsports.BasketballCourtBasketballhoopTheoriginofbasketballInearlyDecember1891,CanadianAmericanDr.JamesNaismith,[2]aphysicaleducationprofessorandinstructorattheInternationalYoungMen‘sChristianAssociationTrainingSchool[3](
3、YMCA)(today,SpringfieldCollege)inSpringfield,Massachusetts,USA),wastryingtokeephisgymclassactiveonarainyday.HesoughtavigorousindoorgametokeephisstudentsoccupiedandatproperlevelsoffitnessduringthelongNewEnglandwinters.Afterrejectingotherideasaseithertooroughor
4、poorlysuitedtowalled-ingymnasiums,hewrotethebasicrulesandnailedapeachbasketontoa10-foot(3.05m)elevatedtrack.Incontrastwithmodernbasketballnets,thispeachbasketretaineditsbottom,andballshadtoberetrievedmanuallyaftereach“basket”orpointscored;thisprovedinefficien
5、t,however,sothebottomofthebasketwasremoved，Laterwillchangegraduallythebamboobasketformotorironbasket,andthentotheundertheironringnet.Peoplecallthisgame"Naismithball"or"basketball",afteralongtime,afterheandhiscolleaguestodiscussrepeatedlywasnamed"basketball".N
6、ext,somebasicrules.PlayersUsually,twoteamsoffiveplayersScore①②：3points③④⑤：2points1point,whenthereisafoul(犯规)TimeGamesareplayedinfourquartersof10(FIBA国际篮联)or12minutes(NBA)，Collegegamesusetwo20-minutehalves.Teamsexchangebasketsforthesecondhalf,15minutesareallow
7、edforahalf-timebreak.Violations(违反)Theballmuststaywithinthecourt;thelastteamtotouchtheballbeforeittravelsoutofboundslossespossession.Theball-handlermaynotstepwithbothfeetwithoutdribbling（运球）——traveling,nordribblewithbothhandsorholdtheballandresumedribbling,av
8、iolationcalleddoubledribbling.失去球权二次运球走步Anypartoftheplayer'shandcannotbedirectlyundertheballwhiledribbling;doingsoisknownascarryingtheball.Ateam,oncehavingestablishedballcontrolinthefront
