张广友-Focus on Reading.ppt

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1、FocusonReadingBytheendofthisunityoushouldbeableto:understandthatreadingisanactiveprocessandismeaning-focused;haveaclearideaaboutdifferentapproachestowardsreading:bottom-upapproach,top-downapproachandinteractiveapproach;beabletousemajorreadingstrategies:skimming,scanning,inferring,etc.;

2、beabletoteachreadinginthreestages:pre-readingstage,while-readingstageandpost-readingstage.Activity1IntroducingReadingTask1WhatIsReading?Task2WhyDoWeRead?readingforsurvival;readingforlearningandinformation;readingforentertainmentorpleasure.Task3HowDoWeRead?“bottom-up”approach“top-down”a

3、pproach“interactive”wayTask4What’stheProblem?Thebackgroundknowledgeneededtointerpretagiventextiscalled“schema”“Schema”playsaveryimportantroleinunderstandingagiventext.Task5BeinganEfficientReaderActivity2IdentifyingMajorReadingStrategiesTask1SkimmingSkimmingisnotcarefulreading,itenables

4、readerstolookefficientlyforsomethingthatintereststhem,withoutspendingtoomuchtimereadingwhatisunnecessaryoruninteresting.Task2ScanningScanningmeanslocatingspecificinformationthereaderwantfromthetext.Task3InferringInferringmeansmakinguseofsyntactic,logicalandculturalcluestodiscoverthemea

5、ningofunknownelements.Thesemaybethewriter’sopinionsandattitudeswhicharenotdirectlystatedinthetext.Task4RecognisingRhetoricalStructuresRhetoricalstructuresrefertothecomplexnetworkofrelationshipswithinatext.Itisthestructureoftheunderlyingideasandtheconnectionsthewritermakesbetweenthem.Th

6、emostcommontextstructuresarechronologicalorder;causeandeffect;comparisonandcontrast;classification;process;definition.1.ChronologicalOrderAreadermaysometimescomeacrosstextsdescribingthehistoricalbackgroundordevelopmentofsomething.Suchtextsareusuallydevelopedonatimebasisorchronologicalo

7、rder(i.e.theearliestoroldestfirst,mostrecentornewestlast).Thusunderstandingofthesetextslargelydependsontheabilityoftracingthetimesequence.2.ComparisonandContrastSometextsareorganisedinacomparison-contrastpattern,inwhichthesimilaritiesanddifferencesoftwoitemsarecomparedandcontrasted.H