语言学Chapter5Semantics.ppt

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1、5.1DefinitionofSemantics5.2ApproachestoMeaning5.3WordMeaning5.4SentenceMeaningChapter5SemanticsLeech,G.1983.Semantics.Harmondsworth:PenguinOgden,C.K&Richards,I.A.1923.TheMeaningofMeaning.London:Routledge&KeganPaulReferencebooks《语义学》Semantics----thestudyoflanguagem

2、eaning.p338Meaningiscentraltothestudyofcommunication.Whatismeaning?----Scholarsunderdifferentscientificbackgroundshavedifferentunderstandingsoflanguagemeaning.Philosophers—investigatedtherelationbetweenlinguisticexpressions.Linguists—investigatedthewayinwhichmeani

3、nginalanguageisstructuredandhavedistinguishedbetweendifferenttypesofmeaning.5.1DefinitionofSemantics5.2.1Meaningasnaming(Plato)5.2.2Meaningasconcept5.2.3Meaningasbehavior5.2.4Meaningascontext(Bloomfield)5.2.5MeaningastruthconditionsCanyoutellhowmanymeaningsdoes‘me

4、an’have?P104-1055.2ApproachestoMeaningThemeaningofanexpressioniswhatitrefersto,ornames,isoftencalledreferentialtheory(指称理论)ornamingtheory(命名理论).Wordsarenamesorlabelsforthings.Limitations:1)Applicabletonounsonly.2)Therearenounswhichdenotethingsthatdonotexistinthere

5、alworld,e.g.ghost,dragon,unicorn,…3)Therearenounsthatdonotrefertophysicalobjectsbutabstractnotions,e.g.joy,impulse,hatred…5.2.1Meaningasnaming(Plato)Theconceptualistviewholdsthatthereisnodirectlinkbetweenalinguisticformandwhatitrefersto(i.e.betweenlanguageandthere

6、alworld);rather,intheinterpretationofmeaningtheyarelinkedthroughthemediationofconceptsinthemind.5.2.2MeaningasconceptOgdenandRichards:semantictriangleSymbol/formword/phrase/sentence词Referent/objectintheworldofexperience事物Thought/reference/concept概念Thesymbolorformr

7、eferstothelinguisticelements(wordsandphrases);Thereferentreferstotheobjectintheworldofexperience;Thoughtorreferencereferstoconcept.Thesymbolorawordsignifiesthingsbyvirtueoftheconceptassociatedwiththeformofthewordinthemindsofthespeaker;andtheconceptlookedatfromthis

8、pointofviewisthemeaningoftheword.“语义三角”说，词和所指事物之间没有直接联系，而是以概念作为中介。（胡，2002:127）OgdenandRichards:semantictriangleL.BloomfieldBehavioristsattemptedtodefine