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1、PartⅢ TheLiteratureofRomanticismTheoriginofRomanticAmericanliteratureTheRomanticPeriod,oneofthemostimportantperiodsinthehistoryofAmericanliterature,stretchesfromtheendofthe18thcenturytotheoutbreak（战争的）爆发oftheCivilWar.ItstartedwiththepublicationofWashingtonIrving'sTheSketchBookan
2、dendedwithWhitman'sLeavesofGrass.TheAmericanRenaissanceorNewEnglandRenaissanceTheAmericanRenaissanceorNewEnglandRenaissanceisaperiodofthegreatfloweringofAmericanliterature,fromthei830sroughly粗糙地；概略地untiltheendoftheAmericanCivilWar.Itcameofageasanexpressionofanationalspirit.Oneof
3、themostimportantinfluencesintheperiodwasthatoftheTranscendentalists超越论者，先验论者,includingRalphWaldoEmerson,HenryDavidThoreau.TheTranscendentalistscontributedtothefoundingofanewnationalculturebasedonnativeelements.ApartfromtheTranscendentalists,thereemergedduringthisperiodgreatimagi
4、nativewriters---NathanielHawthorne,HermanMelville,andWaltWhitman---whosenovelsandpoetryleftapermanentimprint印记；痕迹onAmericanliterature.ItssocialhistoricalandculturalbackgroundThedevelopmentoftheAmericansocietynurtured养育；鼓励；培植"theliteratureofagreatnation."Americawasflourishinginto
5、apolitically,economicallyandculturallyindependentcountry.Historically,itwasthetimeofwestwardexpansioninAmerica;economically,thewholenationwasexperiencinganindustrialtransformation;Politically,democracyandequalitybecametheidealofthenewnation,andthetwo-partysystemcameintobeing.Wor
6、thyofmentionistheliteraryandculturallifeofthecountry.WiththefoundingoftheAmericanIndependentGovernment,thenationfeltanurgetohaveitsownliteraryexpression,tomakeknownitsnewexperiencethatothernationsdidnothave:theearlyPuritansettlement,theconfrontationwiththeIndians,thefrontiersmen
7、'slife,andthewildwest.Besides,thenation'sliterarymilieuwasreadyfortheRomanticmovementaswell.Thus,withastrongsenseofoptimism,aspectacularoutburstofromanticfeelingwasbroughtaboutinthefirsthalfofthe19thcentury.MajorwritersofthisperiodThereemergedagreathostofmenoflettersduringthispe
8、riod,amongwhomthebetter-knownarepoetssuchasPhil
