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1、情态动词＋have+过去分词用法小结（1）“may(might)+have+过去分词”表示对过去发生行为的推测，把握性较小。一般只用于肯定或否定句中（疑问句中用can/could）其意为“想必”、“也许”、“可能已经”等意思，其否定形式含有“可能不会”之意。如：You might both have been caught and killed. 你们俩很有可能被抓住杀掉。The children have arrived there by now.孩子们现在可能已经到达那儿了。He might have no
2、t settled the problem.他可能尚未解决这个问题。注意：这一句型用may和might含义基本相同，常可换用，只是might所表示的可能性比may更加微弱，语气更加委婉。（2）“must + have+过去分词”表示对过去或者已发生行为的肯定推测，只用于肯定句中,意思是“一定”、“准是”。如：The students are playing on the playground now. They must have finished their homework.学生们现在在操场上玩，他们准是完
3、成了作业。The street is wet; it must have rained. 街道是湿的，一定下雨了。注意：若要表示否定，则用“can’t/couldn’t+ have+过去分词”,意思是“不可能”。如：The money can’t have been lost there. 钱不可能是在那儿丢的。The light is still on: he couldn’t have gone to sleep. 还亮着灯，他不可能睡了。（3）“can/could + have+过去分词”表示对过去发生行
4、为的怀疑或不肯定，只用于否定句和疑问句中。如：There is no light in the room. Can he have gone out? 屋里没亮，他可能出去了吧？They can’t have finished the work that soon. 他们不可能这么快就做完了。（4）“should + have+过去分词”表示过去“该做而实际上没有做的事”，意思是“本应该”，其否定形式表示“不应该发生却发生了的行为”，意思是“本不应该”。如：You should have handed in y
5、our composition last week. 你本应该上周交作文的。You shouldn’t have gone to see film last night. You are to take an examination in English this afternoon.昨晚你本不该去看电影的，今天下午还要参加英语考试呢。注意：1、“should + have+过去分词”还能表示“可能、揣测、推断”，常译成“可能已经、该已”如：Tom has done the work for three hou
6、rs, so he should have finished it already. Tom已经工作了3个小时，他该已做完了。2、该结构还可表示“对过去的事感到意外而产生怀疑”，常译成“竟会、竟然”。如:There is no reason why she should have refused.她竟然拒绝了，简直毫无道理。It is surprising that he should have been so stupid.他竟然蠢到如此地步，真令人吃惊。（5）“ought to + have+过去分词”与“
7、should + have+过去分词”同义，只是语气较强，常含有“责备”、“不赞成”的口气。如：We ought to have given you more help.我们本应该给你更多的帮助。She ought to have stopped her work half way.她不应该把工作做了一半就停下来。（6）“needn’t + have+过去分词”表示过去“本不必做而实际上已经做了的事”。如：We needn’t have waited him. 我们本不必等他的。You needn’t have
