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1、句子结构·句子按照功能分,可分为陈述句,疑问句,祈使句和感叹句四种。陈述句陈述观点或事实,疑问句提出问题,祈使句表达命令或请求,感叹句则抒发强烈的感情,如惊异、痛苦或者喜悦。·按照结构分,句子有简单句,并列句,复合句和并列复合句四种。Whatisasimplesentence?什么是简单句?简单句中有一个主语和一个谓语动词。(SV)·Hecame./Shehasleft./Thebuscomes!/Dogsbark.当然最常见的简单句还是SVO(主语+谓语+宾语),注意:在此结构中,谓语动词必须是及物动词。一
2、般来说,主语由名词、动名词或者名词短语或者代词充当;谓语由动词充当;宾语也是由名词,动名词或者名词短语或者代词充当。下面是常见的简单句结构:(注:S:subjectV:verb(predicateverb)O:objectC:complementA:adverbial)1.SVC主系表(补)·Itprovedanawkwardjourney.·Sheisastudent./Itworkedoutright.系动词(linkverb)除去Be动词之外,一般有:feel,become,turn,keep,rema
3、in,seem,appear,stay,stand,lie,look,sound,smell,taste,prove,turnout.2.SVOO主谓双宾结构(分别为直接宾语和间接宾语)·Igavehimtwohundredyuan.(him是间接宾语,twohundredyuan是直接宾语)3.SVOC(主谓宾补)结构:·Heaskedhertoanswerthequestion.(her是宾语,toanswerthequestion是宾语补足语;补充说明“她”做了什么事情。)·Isawateachingp
4、ostadvertisedinalocalnewspaper.4.SVA(主谓状)结构:Joeleapedfromtheedgeofhischair什么是状语呢?就是动词的八个状态:时间、地点、原因、状态、目的、结果、方式、程度。修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成份叫状语。状语按用途可分为:地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等几类。·1).Thestudentsaredoingtheirhomeworkintheclassroom.(介词短语作地点状语)·2).Ilearned
5、alotfromthepeasantswhenIlivedinthecountryside.(从句作时间状语)3).Theysetoutearlysothattheymightarriveontime.(从句作目的状语)4).Shewillnotgohomebecauseshehastoattendameeting.(从句作原因状语)5).Inearlyforgotwhathehadpromised.(副词作程度状语)6).Hecamesinginganddancing.(现在分词作伴随状语)7).Ifyou
6、workhardinEnglish,youwilldowellinit.(从句作条件状语)8).Hewenttotheschoolyesterdaythoughhewasseriouslyill.(从句作让步状语)9).Heworksdayandnight.(名词短语作方式状语)10).Waitamoment.(名词短语作时间状语)11).LessonOneisnotsodifficultasLessonTwo(is).(从句作比较状语)12).LiMingstudiedsohardthathecaughtu
7、pwithotherstudents.(从句作结果状语)2.SVOA(主谓宾状)结构·AmericaneducationowesagreatdebttoThomasJefferson.(agreatdebt是宾语;toThomasJefferson是方式状语)总结:一般简单句结构有七大类,SV,SVO,SVC,SVOC,SVOO,SVA,SVOA。平时多加练习,掌握这些是写好作文的基石。Whatisacompoundsentence?(什么是并列句)并列句包含两个或者两个以上更多的简单句。这些意思相关的独立简
8、单句用并列连词(and,but,or等)连接起来,也可以不用连词而用分号连接。有以下几种类型:A.表示转折,有but,yet(连词)和nevertheless,however(副词)连接。·Everythingintheworldisoutsideyou,buthealthbelongstoyourself.·Johnhashisshortcomings;however,thatdoesn'tmea