句子成分 (2).doc

《句子成分 (2).doc》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、句子成分一、句子成分的定义构成句子成分的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分之分；主要成分有和；次要成分有、、、、、。二、主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等充当。Eg:①Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.()②WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（）③One-thirdo

2、fthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（）④Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（）⑤Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（）⑥Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（）⑦WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecidedyet.（）⑧Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguageinsuchaninternationalworld.（）三、谓语谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。在句做谓语，一般放在主

3、语之后。谓语的构成如下：1.简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。Eg:Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2.复合谓语：（1）由情态动词加动词原形或助动词加动词形式构成。Eg:Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehavefinishedreadingthenovel.（2）由系动词加表语构成。Eg:Wearestudents.Heturnsdoctor.Thetreeturnsgreen.四、表语表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)

4、之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词短语及表语从句充当。Eg:①OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.()②Isityours?()③Theweatherhasturnedcold.()④Threetimessevenistwenty-one.()⑤Thespeechisexciting.IamsoboredintheEnglishgrammarclass.()⑥Hishobbyisplayingfootball.()⑦Hisjobistolookafterthelittlebaby.()⑧Themac

5、hinemustbeoutoforder.()⑨Timeisup,andtheclassisover.()⑩Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.()五、宾语宾语表示动作的对象或随受者，一般位于及物动词和介词之后。Eg:①Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.②Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.③Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.④Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkye

6、sterday.⑤Hepretendednottoseeme.⑥Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.⑦Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），eg:Helentmehisnewbook.Mr.YangteachesusEnglish.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语），eg:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.Hemadetheroomtidy.六、宾语补足语英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语外，还有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整带有宾语补足语的一般句

7、型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾语补足语）。宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。Eg:①HisfathernamedhimDongming.②Theypaintedtheirhousewhite.③Letthefreshairin.④Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismonytoyou.⑤Wesawherenteringintheroom.⑥Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.⑦Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourci