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1、Directions:Youmayhaveadiscussionwithyourpartnersonthefollowingquestions.Directions:Readandimitatethefollowingmaterial(s),thenanswerthegivenquestions.Passage1WiththecomingoftheIndustrialRevolutiontheenvironmentalpollutionincreasedalarmingly.Pollutioncanbedefinedasanundesirablechangeinthephysical
2、,chemical,orbiologicalcharacteristicsoftheair,water,orlandthatcanharmfullyaffecthealth,survival,oractivitiesofhumansorotherlivingorganisms.Pollutionisbecomingmoreandmoreseriousallovertheworld.Asweknow,carsaregivingoffwastegas，sopeoplearebreathinginthepoisonousgaseverysecond.Thepoisonousgassento
3、ffbyfactories,domesticappliancesandautomobileshasmadetheairunhealthyforpeopletobreathe.Theairwebreatheismadeupofamixtureofgasesandsmallparticles.Pollutantsintheairarechemicalsorsubstancesthatareharmfultohumans,otherspecies,orecosystemsasawhole.Thesepollutantscancomefromhuman(anthropogenic)sourc
4、es,orfromnaturalsourcessuchasvolcanoesorduststorms.Directions:Readandimitatethefollowingmaterial(s),thenanswerthegivenquestions.Passage1Aroundhalfofalloceanpollutioniscausedbysewageandwastewater.Eachyear,theworldgenerates400billiontonsofindustrialwaste,muchofwhichispumpeduntreatedintorivers,oce
5、ans,andotherwaterways.Factoriesarepointsourcesofwaterpollution,butquitealotofwaterispollutedbyordinarypeoplefromnonpointsources;thisishowordinarywaterbecomeswastewaterinthefirstplace.Virtuallyeveryonepourschemicalsofonesortoranotherdowntheirdrainsortoilets.Evendetergentsusedinwashingmachinesand
6、dishwasherseventuallyendupinourriversandoceans.Sodothepesticidesweuseonourgardens.Alotoftoxicpollutionalsoenterswastewaterfromhighwayrunoff.Highwaysaretypicallycoveredwithacocktailoftoxicchemicals—everythingfromspilledfuelandbrakefluidstobitsofworntires(themselvesmadefromchemicaladditives)andex
7、haustemissions.Whenitrains,thesechemicalswashintodrainsandrivers.Itisnotunusualforheavysummerrainstormstowashtoxicchemicalsintoriversinsuchconcentrationsthattheykilllargenumbersoffishesovernight.Ithasbeenestimatedthat,inoneyear,th
