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1、乡村景观设计总结风貌特征探析-园林相关关键词:风景园林遗产；乡村景观；文化景观；景观特征；景观风貌；景观规划；景观管理；景观建设；乡村规划摘要：目前，北京的乡村景观建设存在乡村景观风貌逐渐丧失、并日趋城镇化，乡村景观风貌特征、乡村地域美学不够突出和乡村规划项目缺乏统筹、建设紊乱三大凸显问题。以北京乡村景观风貌特征为研究对象,沿用从感知到认知——景观特征研究方法，基于阅读文献资料法和问卷法、访谈法、抽象归纳法，通过古代田园类诗词、《园冶》及风水学反映出中国传统乡村景观风貌特征，包括13个“呈现型”特征和14个“营造型”特征；通过文学作品、民居建筑、传统植物、非物质文化遗产总结归
2、纳出3类北京传统乡村景观；此外，通过针对北京乡村居住者与旅游观光者研究对北京当代乡村景观风貌特征进行补充，从而构建北京乡村景观风貌特征研究框架。未来可深入研究并系统化北京乡村景观风貌特征，建立《北京乡村景观建设导则》与《北京乡村建设项目景观风貌评价体系》，从宏观、中观、微观三个层面把握其发展，促进“美丽乡村”的建设。关键词：风景园林遗产；乡村景观；文化景观；景观特征；景观风貌；景观规划；景观管理；景观建设；乡村规划基金项目：国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2012BAJ24B05)Abstract:Currently,Beijing’srurallandscapeconstr
3、uctioninthecountryisattheforefront,buttherearestillthreeprominentproblemsincludingthegraduallostandurbanizationofrurallandscape,thelackofprominentstylefeaturesofrurallandscapeandtheinconspicuousregionalaestheticsofruralareas,andtheinordinateorganizationofruralplanningprojectsandconstruction
4、.TakingBeijing’srurallandscapestylefeaturesasresearchsubject,thispapertriestoreflectthestylefeaturesofChina’straditionalrurallandscape,including13“Show-type”featuresand14“Construction-type”features,byresearchingthelandscapefeaturesfromperceptiontocognition,studyingrelevantmaterials,givingqu
5、estionnaires,makinginterviews,usingAbstractInductionmethod,andusingancientpastoralpoems,YuanYeandFengshuiTheoryasreferences.ItthenconcludesthreecategoriesofBejing’srurallandscapethroughthestudyofliterature,vernaculararchitecture,traditionalplantsandintangibleculturalheritage.Inaddition,thec
6、ontemporaryrurallandscapefeaturesinBeijingaresupplementedtoestablisharesearchframeworkofBeijing’srurallandscapestylefeaturesbymeansofresearchingtheruralresidentsandvisitors.ThefeaturesofBeijing’srurallandscapecanbesystematizedandstudiesinadeeperdimensioninthefuture,soastoestablishtheGuideli
7、neontheconstructionofBeijing’sRuralLandscapeandtheAssessmentSystemofBeijing’sRuralLandscapeStyleFeatures,promotingthedevelopmentofrurallandscapefrommacroscopiclevel,mediumlevelandmicrocosmiclevel,andeventuallyrealizingtheconstructionof“BeautifulVillage”.
