王若平考研英语语法.pdf

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1、考研英语语法串讲与练习主讲：王若平“考试虫”学习体系的核心耕耘者第一节主语　说起主语，大家似乎很熟悉，实际上，主语是很复杂的，请同学们思考一下：什么词可以充当句子的主语？可以充当英语句子主语的成分有：一、名词；二、名词化的形容词；三、代词；四、数词；五、动词不定式；六、动名词；七、名词化的现在分词、过去分词；八、短语；九、句子。如：○Pessimistssaythatthehumanisfacingextinction　主谓宾从thehumanisfacingextinction主谓宾（名词作主语）○Now，keepingpetsismoreandmor

2、eprevalentinmanydevelopedcountries.状主系表状（名词作主语）○Whenalightpassengerplaneflewoffcoursesometimeago，itcrashedinthe状从主谓状mountainsanditspilotwaskilled.　（代词作主语）连主谓Whenalightpassengerplaneflewoffcoursesometimeago连主1谓状状○Tocommitsuicideisacowardlybehavior.（动词不定式短语作主语）　主系表○Itisimpossiblefo

3、rmostlearnerstolearnEnglishabroad.形主系表真主（不定式短语为真正主语，it为形式主语）○Thathastemakeswasteisaproverbfulloflogic.Thehastemakeswaste主从系表定主谓宾（句子作主语）　○Howeveradversethecircumstance，thestronginlifefirmlybelievesactionismore状从主定状谓宾从reliablethanluck.Howeveradversethecircumstance(maybe)连表主系actioni

4、smorereliablethanluck(isreliable)主系表状从（名词化的形容词作主语）○Eachyearthousandsofgraduatesfloodthejobmarket，wavingtheircollegediplomas　名主定谓宾状andcertificates.　（数词作主语）一、名词作主语　从实用的角度看，名词可分为：1）不可数名词；2）可数名词。　1）不可数名词作主语　不可数名词，分为物质名词和抽象名词，只有单数，没有复数，与其连用的谓语动词均为单数。不可数名词除特指、有限定性定语修饰的前面用定冠词the外，其余都为零冠

5、词。A.物质名词　○TeaoriginatedinancientChinaandhasspreadallovertheworld.主谓1状谓2状○Fastfoodbecomessopopularnowadaysnotonlybecauseofthefooditselfbutalso主谓宾状原因状语theservicestheyprovide.B.抽象名词　○Failureisacommonthinginourdailylife.　主系表状○Friendshipisthebasicneedofhumanfeelings.主系表定注意：当抽象名词有限定性定语

6、修饰时前面需要加定冠词the。如：　○Thedesireforpoweralwaysgoesparallelwiththedesireforfame.（有介词限定）主定状谓宾定2）可数名词　可数名词作主语分：A.单数；B.复数　A.单数　①单数名词前注意加冠词a或an，谓语为单数，如：　○Ajobinterviewisaneffectivewayfortheinterviewertoknowabouttheapplicant.主系表定○Aleadercanearnsupportfrommassesonlybyhisintegrityandstrength

7、.　主谓宾定状②特指的、类指的、有限定性定语的名词前要加定冠词the。　Ⅰ.特指的，如：　○Accordingtothetable，wecanseeclearlytheaveragefamilyincomehasbeen状主谓状宾从increasinginChina.theaveragefamilyincomehasbeenincreasinginChina主谓状○Thecompanyhasmadenotablegainsinproductivity.主谓宾定Ⅱ.类指的，如：　○Todaythepenismorehighlyesteemedthan(th

8、epenwas)ever(esteemed).状主谓状从　（thepen不是指“