英美文化概况.ppt

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1、GuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries英语国家概况英语国家概况TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandChapter3GovernmentandtheCommonwealthTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland英语国家概况PoliticalPartiesConstitutionGovernmentElectionTheCommonwealthIIIIIIIVVCONTENTConstitutionIGreatBritain(UK)

2、isaparliamentarydemocracywithaconstitutionalmonarchastheheadofstateBritishConstitutionismadeupof:StatutoryLaw(成文法)CommonLaw(判例法)Conventions(习惯法)1.1StatutoryLawpassedbyParliamentexampletheMagnaCarta(1215)whichprotectstherightsofthecommunityagainsttheCrowntheBillofRights(1689)whichextendst

3、hepowersofParliamenttheReformAct(1832)whichreformstheparliamentaryelectoralsystemtheEuropeanCommunitiesAct(1972)theEuropeanCommunities(Amendment)Act(1986)whichdefinestherelationshipbetweenBritainandtheEuropeanCommunity(欧共体）.Constitution1.2Commonlaw（判例法）deducedfromcustomorlegalprecedentsan

4、dinterpretedincourtcasesbyjudges1.3Conventions（习惯法）rulesandpracticeswhichdonotexistlegally,butareregardedasvitaltotheworkingofgovernment.(forexample:Themonarchreignsbutdoesnotrule.)1.ConstitutionGovernmentII2.1TheLegislature2.2TheExecutive2.3TheJudiciary2.1TheLegislatureBasicStructureofUK

5、CentralGovernmentMonarch(non-political)Legislature—ParliamentExecutiveJudiciary(non-political)HouseofCommons(political)HouseofLords(semi-political)PrimeMinister&Cabinet(political)Ministers&Civilservice(non-political)HouseofLordsCourtofAppeal2.1.1ParliamentParliamentthelaw-makingbodyofBrit

6、ainoneoftheoldestrepresentativeassembliesintheworld(inthemid-13thcentury)Strictlyspeaking,theparliamentconsistsoftheKingorQueen,theHouseofLords(上议院),theHouseofCommons(下议院)QueenElizabethIIBorn:April21,1926QueensinceJune2,1953QueenElizabethIIisa“constitutionalmonarch”Althoughsheisofficially

7、theheadofstate,thecountryisactuallyrunbythegovernmentandledbythePrimeMinister.2.1.2QueenBuckinghamPalace2.1.2QueenQueenElizabethII2.1.2QueenShereignsbutdoesnotrule!Theoretically,sheisthesourceofallgovernmentpowers:anintegralpartofthelegislatureheadoftheexecutive,exe