2、补足语。宾语补足语：在英语中，某些及物动词不仅需要宾语，而且还要求某个词或词组来补充说明宾语，即表示宾语代表的人或物所发出的动作或所处的状态，这个词或短语称为宾语补足语。有些语法书把宾语和补足语称为复合宾语。句型：及物动词+宾语（n./pron.）+宾语补足语（n./ adj./ adv./ to do/-ing/-ed/介词短语共7种表示法）该句型若变成被动语态，即将宾语提到句首作主语，原主动语态中的宾语补足语此时在被动语态中起到补充说明主语的作用，所以改称主语补足语。例如：A cook wil
3、l be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.（2003年全国卷）此句中 smoking 是主语 he的补足语，所以称为主语补足语。A cook will be immediately fired if someone finds him smoking in the kitchen.此句中 smoking 是宾语 him 的补足语，所以称为宾语补足语。二、何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词作主语（宾语）补足语分词作主语（宾语
4、）补足语时，若主语（宾语）与分词之间是主动关系，则用现在分词表示主动；如果主语（宾语）与分词之间是被动关系，则用过去分词表示被动。例如：He was heard singing in the next room.He was singing.主语 he 与补足语“唱歌”之间是主动关系,故用现在分词 singing。One of the glasses was found broken.One of the glasses was broken.主语 one of the glasses 与补足语“
5、打破”之间是被动关系,故用过去分词 broken。Don't leave the water running while you brush your teeth.（2004年天津卷）The water is running.宾语 the water 与补足语“淌”之间是主动关系，故用现在分词 running。三、可以用分词作主语或宾语补足语的动词要会使用分词作补足语，必须记住哪些动词可以接分词充当补足语。1.感官动词 feel，hear，listen to，see，watch，notice，ob
6、serve，look at（一感二听五看）及find 等既可以接现在分词又可以接过去分词充当补足语。如：If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air moving against your face.The air can be felt moving against your face, if you wave your book in front of your face.The next morning s
7、he found the man lying in bed, dead.The next morning the man was found lying in bed, dead.2．表示“致使”动词 get，have，leave 等既可以接现在分词又可以接过去分词充当补足语。--Good morning. Can I help you?--I'd like to have the package weighed, madam.（MET89）3.表示“意欲；命令”的动词如 like，want，wi
8、sh，order等常接过去分词充当补足语。如：You must tell us exactly what you would like done.你必须准确地告诉我们该做什么。The father wants his daughter taught the piano.这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。I wish it done quickly.我希望很快将此事做完。注意：set，start，catch 常跟现在分词作宾语补足语，make 常跟过去分词作宾语补足语。如：set sb. th
