英语语言学概论整理.doc

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1、Chapter1Language语言1.Designfeature(识别特征)referstothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication.2.Productivity(能产性)referstotheabilitythatpeoplehaveinmakingandcomprehendingindefinitelylargequantitiesofsentencesintheirnativelanguage.

2、3.arbitrariness(任意性)Arbitrarinessreferstothephenomenonthatthereisnomotivatedrelationshipbetweenalinguisticformanditsmeaning.4.symbol(符号)Symbolreferstosomethingsuchasanobject,word,orsoundthatrepresentssomethingelsebyassociationorconvention.5.discreteness(离散性)Discreteness

3、referstothephenomenonthatthesoundsinalanguagearemeaningfullydistinct.6.displacement(不受时空限制的特性)Displacementreferstothefactthathumanlanguagecanbeusedtotalkaboutthingsthatarenotintheimmediatesituationsofitsusers.7.dualityofstructure(结构二重性)Theorganizationoflanguageintotwole

4、vels,oneofsounds,theotherofmeaning,isknownasdualityofstructure.8.culturetransmission(文化传播)Culturetransmissionreferstothefactthatlanguageispassedonfromonegenerationtothenextthroughteachingandlearning,ratherthanbyinheritance.9.interchangeability(互换性)Interchangeabilitymean

5、sthatanyhumanbeingcanbebothaproducerandareceiverofmessages.1.★Whatislanguage?Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.Thisdefinitionhascapturedthemainfeaturesoflanguage.First,languageisasystem.Second,languageisarbitraryinthesense.Thethirdfeature

6、oflanguageissymbolicnature.2.★Whatarethedesignfeaturesoflanguage?Languagehassevendesignfeaturesasfollowing:1)Productivity.2)Discreteness.3)Displacement4)Arbitrariness.5)Culturaltransmission6)Dualityofstructure.7)Interchangeability.3.Whydowesaylanguageisasystem?Becauseel

7、ementsoflanguagearecombinedaccordingtorules,andeverylanguagecontainsasetofrules.Bysystem,therecurringpatternsorarrangementsortheparticularwaysordesignsinwhichalanguageoperates.Andthesounds,thewordsandthesentencesareusedinfixedpatternsthatspeakerofalanguagecanunderstande

8、achother.4.★(Functionoflanguage.)AccordingtoHalliday,whataretheinitialfunctionsofchildren’slanguage?Andwhatare