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1、JVetDiagnInvest10:152±157(1998)Comparisonofimmunohistochemistry,electronmicroscopy,anddirect¯uorescentantibodytestforthedetectionofbovinecoronavirusArshudM.Dar,SanjayKapil,SagarM.GoyalAbstract.Bovinecoronavirus(BCV)is1ofthemajorcausesofcalfdiarrheaandhasalsobeenimp
2、licatedinrespiratoryinfectionsofyoungcalvesandwinterdysenteryofadultcattle.Currently,transmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM),direct¯uorescentantibody(DFA),andenzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay(ELISA)tech-niquesareconsideredstandardmethodsforthediagnosisofBCVinfection.Howe
3、ver,thesetechniquesarenotusefuliffreshtissuesandintestinalcontentsarenotavailableforexamination.Thedetectionofviralantigensinformalin-®xed,paraf®n-embeddedtissuesusingimmunohistochemistry(IHC)isasuitablealternative.Inthepresentstudy,166tissuespecimensweretestedbyIH
4、CforthepresenceofBCV.Thesetissueswerefromanimalswhosefeceswerepositiveforrotavirusand/orcoronavirusbyTEM.SomeofthesesampleswerealsotestedbyDFA.Thus,TEM,DFA,andIHCwerecomparedforthedetectionofBCV.Therewas56%agreementamongthe3methods(overallkappa50.368).WhenIHCwascom
5、paredwithTEM,78%agreementwasobserved(kappa50.475).Similarly,IHCandDFAhad64%agreement(kappa50.277).ThesekappavaluesindicateamoderatedegreeofagreementbetweenIHCandTEM;agreementbetweenIHCandDFAwasfair.TheresultsofthisstudyindicatethatIHCmaybeasuitableadjunctforthedete
6、ctionofBCVbecauseofitssimplicity,easeofuse,andrelativelyclosecorrelationwithTEMresults.Calfscoursisamajorcauseofeconomiclossestotationofdetectingnonviralparticlesthatmaylooklikethecattleindustryresultinginannuallossesofuptocoronavirusanddetectingvirusonlywhenthenum
7、ber$1.7billionaroundtheworld,28increasinginrecentofvirionsis.106/goffeces.12Aftertheonsetofdi-yearsduetotheadoptionofintensivebeefanddairyarrhea,theamountofBCVinfecesmayfallrapidlypractices.30Bovinecoronavirus(BCV)isoneofthebelowthedetectionlimitsofTEM.20Anotherdif
8、®cultyleadingcausesofcalfscours,32withcoronavirusesandisthatarelativelysmallnumberofsamplescanberotavirusesestimatedtoaccountfor20±26%and27±exami
