冠状病毒Coronavirusl论文-2014 Human Respiratory Viral Infections __ Human Coronavirus Respiratory Infections.pdf

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1、27HumanCoronavirusRespiratoryInfectionsThomasEdwardCecere,StephanieMichelleTodd,and Owen BenjaminRichmondCONTENTS27.1Introduction..........................................................................................................................54727.2Epidemiology...............

2、.........................................................................................................54927.3ClinicalFeatures...................................................................................................................55027.4PathogenesisandImmunity............

3、......................................................................................55127.5Diagnosis..............................................................................................................................55227.6Treatment.........................................

4、.....................................................................................553References......................................................................................................................................55427.1INTRODUCTIONCoronavirusesareenveloped,positive

5、-sense,single-stranded,ribonucleicacid(RNA)virusesinthefamilyCoronaviridae,oftheorderNidovirales.1−3Viralparticlesaretypically120–160nmindiameterandthegenomicRNAiscappedandpolyadenylatedwithanaveragelengthof27–31kb.4Virionsarecomposedofaflexiblecore,formedbytheviralRNAandmultiplecopie

6、softhenucleo-capsid(N)protein,surroundedbytheviralmembrane,whichconsistsofthespike(S),envelope(E),andmembrane(M)proteins.1TheSproteinsareheavilyglycosylatedandthisfeatureisnecessaryforestablishmentandmaintenanceofinfection.1TheRNAgenomecontainsatleastsixopenread-ingframes(ORFs).The5′e

7、ndofthegenomeencompassesORF1,whichcomprisesthemajorityofthegenome(approximatelytwo-thirds).ORF1issubdividedintoORF1aandORF1b,whicharetranslatedtotwopolyproteins,pp1aandpp1ab(Figure27.1).Translationofpp1abfollowspp1aaftera−1frameshift.Thesearethencleavedintoupto16viralreplicaseproteins

8、bythe