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1、0８年高考语法复习系列二名词名词专有名词(ProperNouns)普通名词(CommonNouns)个体名词(IndividualNouns)集体名词(CollectiveNouns)物质名词(MaterialNouns)抽象名词(AbstractNouns)不可数名词(UncountableNouns)可数名词(CountableNouns)1.可数名词的复数给出下列名词的复数形式policemanchildmousetoothfootpotatoheroleafshelfrooflifebabymonkeybranchthiefmo
2、squitopolicemenchildrenmiceteethfeetpotatoesheroesleavesshelvesroofslivesbabiesmonkeysbranchesthievesmosquitoeswatchladyfoxflybrushtomatoinchhalfkilopianocalfpasser-bygo-betweengrown-upgirlfriendsister-in-lawmanservantlooker-onwatchesladiesfoxesfliesbrushestomatoesinches
3、halveskilospianoscalvespassers-bygo-betweensgrown-upsgirlfriendssisters-in-lawmenservantslookers-onI.可数名词的复数变法情况加法例词一般情况以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词以辅音＋y结尾的词以辅音+o结尾的词以f或fe结尾的词加-s加-es去y加-ies多数加-es把f/fe改成vesBrothers;schoolsBuses;watches;dishesLadies;countriesHeroes;tomatoesHalves;leave
4、s不规则名词单复数变化:（1）单复数同形:sheep,deer,fish,means,species,works(工厂),aircraft,spacecraft,Chinese,Japanese,Swiss（2）改变字母：man--men,woman--women,policeman--policemen,saleswoman--saleswomen,foot--feet,tooth--teeth,goose--geese,Mouse--Mice,phenomenon--phenomena另：penny（pence或pennies）（3
5、）增加字母:child--children,ox--oxen（4）以o结尾的词：加s:photo,radio,piano,zoo,studio,bamboo,tobacco加es:tomato,potato,hero另：zero（zeros或zeroes）（5）以f或fe结尾的词:直接加s：roof,proof,belief,chief,gulf,变f为v再加es：life,wife,knife,half,leaf,wolf,thief另外：handkerchief（handkerchiefs或handkerchieves）beef（b
6、eeves菜牛、beefs怨言；牢骚）(6)合成名词的复数形式：①将合成名词中的主体名词变为复数：looker(s)-on,passer(s)-by,mother(s)-in-law②将最后一部分变为复数：grown-up(s),go-between(s)(中间人），good-for-nothing(s)(无用之人）③含boy,girl,lady等的合成的名词：它们始终为单数，其后的名词则用复数形式。如：boystudents,girlfriends,ladydrivers④含man或woman的合成名词：它们随其后名词单复数的变化而变
7、化。如：amandoctor,twomendoctorsA>名词只能用复数形式的短语：doexercises（做操）takenotes(做笔记）taketurns（轮流）makerepairs（搞修理）changetrains（改换火车）makefriendswith（交朋友）shakehandswith(握手）asfollows（如下）inrags（衣衫褴褛）indozens（成打的）B>有些名词单复数形式含义特别常见woodsworkswatersclothescustomsmannerssandsspiritsfeelingsgo
8、odspaperssurroundingsgamesforcestimeslooksarmsconditionsInstructions（森林)（工厂）(水域)(衣服)(海关)(礼貌)(沙滩)(精神,烈酒)
