语法2定语从句.ppt

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1、定语从句1共52页定语从句的定义在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句。2共52页定语从句的位置定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面。3共52页先行词概念被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词。4共52页关系词概念先行词与定语从句之间要有一个词连接，这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词（关系代词或关系副词：that,which,who,whose,when,where,why）。先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，时间，地点，原因状语。5共52页定语从句的结构先行词+关系词+

2、定语从句6共52页考试考点聚焦考点一　关系代词的用法1．关系代词的作用(1)连接作用：关系代词引导从句，把它和主句连接起来；(2)替代作用：关系代词在从句中替代它前面的先行词；(3)成分作用：关系代词在从句中总是充当句子成分。7共52页2．关系代词的用法分类8共52页3.易混关系代词辨析(1)关系代词that和which先行词是物时，关系代词that，which可以通用，但有区别。1)在限制性定语从句中只能用that的情况①先行词为不定代词(all,nothing,theone,much等)或被不定代词修

3、饰时。Youcantakeanyseatthatisfree.Tellusallthatyouknow.9共52页②先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。ThatisthefirstcompositionthatI'vewritteninEnglish.③先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.④当人和物同为先行词时。Everyonewantstoseethespaceshipandthespacemanthatmad

4、etheflightaroundtheearth.10共52页⑤先行词是be的表语或关系词在从句中作表语时。It'sabookthatwillhelpyoualot.Heisnolongertheman(that)heusedtobe.⑥先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时。Thatistheverypen(that)Iamlookingfor.⑦当先行词是which时。Whichofthetwocowsthatyoukeepproducesmoremilk?11共52页⑧先行词为theway/t

5、hetime/themoment/thefirst/thelasttime等名词时。Idon'tliketheway(that)hetalks.Thisisthethirdtime(that)hehasbeenlatethisweek.特别提示：此时that为关系副词，若先行词没有被thefirst/thelast修饰时，用that和when均可。Thetime(that)/(when)Isawyouwas800.⑨定语从句中套定语从句，其中一个关系词已用which时。Hebuiltafactorywh

6、ichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.12共52页2)只用which的情况①关系代词前有介词或介词短语时。HereisthebookaboutwhichItoldyouyesterday.②非限制性定语从句中。Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichwasbetterthanwecouldexpect.③先行词后有插入语时。HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich，asI'vetoldyou,wil

7、lhelpimproveyourEnglish.13共52页④为避免重复时。Itoldthemastorylastnight,whichthathadbeenmadeupbymewasveryinteresting.14共52页(2)关系代词as和whichas既可指人又可指物，主要用于as...；as...as;thesame...as...;such...as...等结构中，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。引导的从句可位于句中、句首、句末。Asisreportedinthenewspapers,talks

8、betweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.Marywaslateforschool,asisoftenthecase.as引导非限制性的定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，而which不仅可修饰整个句子还可以修饰单个名词；引导限制和非限制性从句，从句要放在句末。15共52页Themeeting,whichwasheldinthepark,wasasuccess.Themeetingwasasucc