考研英语语法之非谓语动词.doc

《考研英语语法之非谓语动词.doc》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。

1、非谓语动词非谓语动词是指那些在剧中不能单独充当句子位于成分的动词形式。基本形式有四种：不定式（infinitive）、动名词（gerund）、分词（participle）、和独立主格结构（absolutestructure）。一、不定式动词不定式是非谓语动词中使用最广泛的一种，在句子中，它除了做谓语外，可以担当其他任何成分，可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语。它在句中其名词、形容词和副词的作用。语态一般式（尚未发生）进行式（正在发生）完成式（先于谓语动词发生）主动todotobedoingtohavedone被动tobedo

2、netobebeingdonetohavebeendone举例：Itisn’tcoldenoughfortheretobeafrosttonight,soIcanleaveJim’scaroutquitesafely.Heseemstobeeatingsomething.Accordingtoyourmarketreport,demandseemstobereturning.Thelocalhealthorganizationisreportedtohavebeensetuptwenty-fiveyearsagowhenDr.Au

3、diobecameitsfirstpresident.不定式的语法功能：1)作主语Thetraditionalrulewasthatit’ssafer(tostaywhereyouare),butthat’sbeenfundamentallyinverted.Thepeoplewho’vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho’vestayedtoolong.2)作宾语Mostjournalistslearntoseetheworldthroughasetofstandardtemplates(patterns)i

4、ntowhichtheyplugeachday’sevents.Hefeelsithisdutytohelpothers.3)作表语Butalmostallhaveignoredthebig,profitableopportunityintheirownbackyard:thewholesalefoodanddrinktrade,whichappearstobejustthekindofmarketretailersneed.4)作定语Tommadethedecisiontogoaroundtheworldinthreeyears

5、allalone.Shehastheambitiontolearnotherlanguages.ThepressuretocompetecausesAmericanstobeenergetic,butitalsoputsthemundera7constantemotionalstrain.5)作状语Asadthingaboutlifeiswhenyoumeetsomeoneandfallinlove,onlytofindoutintheendthatyouhavewastedyearsonsomeonewhowasn’tworth

6、it.6)作补语Themanwasseentofallheavilytothegroundandnevergetupagain.注：使役动词如make、let、have等以及感官动词hear、see、feel、watch、notice等之后所加的不定式要省略to，但是在被动语态中不可省略。例如我们说seesbplayontheground，但被动态中我们说sbisseentoplayontheground。不带to的动词不定式1.在do…but/except结构中，当but或except前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后接不带to的

7、动词不定式。Thetrainislate,andIcandonothingbutwait.比较：TherewassoseriousamatterthatIhadnochoicebuttocallinthepolice.2.在hadbetter,wouldrather/sooner…than…,rather…than,wouldjustassoon,mightjustaswell,cannot(help)but…等之后都必须接动词原形。Tomcannotbutaskhissupervisortohelphimsolvethediff

8、icultyhehasencounteredindoingtheproject.3.在dofarmorethan后面不定式省略to。Inthecourseofadaystudentsdofarmorethanjustattendclasses.4.