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1、cloingWhat'scloning?CloningisthecreationofcellsorwholeanimalsusingDNA(脱氧核糖核酸)fromasingle"parent",bypassing(绕道而行)thenormalreproductiveprocess.TheclonehasthesameDNAtotheparent.Therearedifferenttypesofcloning,andcloningtechnologiescanbeusedforotherpurposesbesidesproducingthegenetictwinofanotherorganis
2、m.Thethreetypesofcloningtechnologiesare:(1)recombinantDNAtechnologyorDNAcloning（基因重组克隆技术）(2)reproductivecloning（再生克隆技术）(3)therapeuticcloning（干细胞疗法克隆技术）.-------theanimalwhichhadbeenfirstclonedcelebritysheepDollyDolly(1996-2003)wasamothertosixlambs,bredtheold-fashionedway.AlthoughmostFinnDorsetsheepl
3、ivetobe11to12yearsofage,postmortemexaminationofDollyseemedtoindicatethat,otherthanhercancerandarthritis,sheappearedtobequitenormal.TheunnamedsheepfromwhichDollywasclonedhaddiedseveralyearspriortohercreation.Dolly(1996-2003),thefirstmammaltobeclonedfromadultDNA,wasputdownbylethalinjectiononFeb.14,20
4、03.Priortoherdeath,Dollyhadbeensufferingfromlungcancerandcripplingarthritis.DollyWhatanimalshavebeencloned?Scientistshavebeencloninganimalsformanyyears.In1952,thefirstanimal,atadpole,wascloned.BeforethecreationofDolly,thefirstmammalclonedfromthecellofanadultanimal,cloneswerecreatedfromembryoniccell
5、s.SinceDolly,researchershaveclonedanumberoflargeandsmallanimalsincludingsheep,goats,cows,mice,pigs,cats,rabbits,andagaur.Allthesecloneswerecreatedusingnucleartransfertechnology（细胞核移植技术）.DollyClonedmonkeysFirstclonedmuleClonedtwingoatsFirstclonedhorseFirstclonedcatsCloning(克隆技术)isthemostattractivest
6、oryofthenewbiotechnologies(生物技术)andtheonewhichcausesthemostheateddiscussionoveritsworth.HereareanswerstothemostcommonquestionsaboutcloningQuestion1:Iscloningunnatural?Answer:No.Clonesarealwaysproducedbynaturalmeansintheshapeofidenticaltwins(同卵孪生).Answer:ThemostcommonprocesstakesDNAfromonecellandput
7、sinahollowed-out(挖空的；掏空的)egg.ChemicalsandelectricityarethenusedtoencouragethenewDNAtofusewith(与…合并)theegganddevelopintoanembryo(胎儿).Thistechniqueiscallednucleartransfer(核迁移).Question2:Howareclonescreated?Qw
