全国职称英语等级考试样题-卫生类.doc

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1、全国职称英语等级考试样题--卫生类第一部分阅读理解(75分)Passage1Untilthetwentiethcenturycigaretteswerenotanimportantthreat(威胁)topublichealth.Menusedtobaccomainlyintheformofcigars(雪茄烟),chewingtobacco,pipetobacco(烟草),andsnuff(鼻烟).Mostwomendidnotusetobaccoatall.Thecigaretteindustrybeganinthe1870swiththede

2、velopmentofthecigarettemanufacturingmachines.Thismadeitpossibletoproducegreatnumbersofcigarettesveryquickly,anditreducedtheprice.Todaycigarettessmokingisawidespreadhabit.Aboutforty-threepercentoftheadultmenandthirty-onepercentoftheadultwomenintheUnitedStatessmokecigarettesregu

3、larly.Itisencouragingtonote,however,thatmillionsofpeoplehavegivenupthesmokinghabit.Seventy-fivepercentofthemalepopulationandforty-sixpercentofthethesemenandelevenpercentofthewomenhavestoppedsmoking.Thenumberofpersonswhohavegivenupsmokingisincreasing.Menasagroupsmokemorethanwom

4、en.Amongbothmenandwomentheagegroupwiththehighestproportion(比例)ofsmokersistheagegroup24-44.Income,education,andoccupationallplayapartindeterminingaperson’ssmokinghabits.Citypeoplesmokemorethanpeoplelivingonfarms.Well-educatedmenwithhighincomesarelesslikelytosmokecigarettesthanm

5、enwithfeweryearsofschoolingandlowerincomes.Ontheotherhandifawell-educatedmanwithahighincomesmokesasall,heislikelytosmokemorepacksofcigarettesperday.Thesituationissomewhatdifferentforwomen.Thereareslightlymoresmokersamongwomenwithhigherfamilyincomesandhighereducationthanamongth

6、elowerincomeandlowereducationalgroups.Thesemorehighlyeducatedwomentendtosmokemoreheavily.Amongteenagers(少年)thepicturesissimilar.Therearefewerteenagersmokersfromupper-income,well-educatedfamiliesandfewerfromfamilieslivinginfarmareas.Highschoolstudentswhoarepreparingforcollegear

7、elesslikelytosmokethanthosewhodonotplantocontinuetheireducationafterhighschool.Childrenaremostlikelytostartsmoking,ifoneorbothoftheirparentssmoke.1.Menusetobaccomainlyin________formsinthepast.○A.one○B.two○C.three○D.four2.Thecigaretteindustrybegan________.○A.onehundredyearsago○

8、B.attheturnofthecentury○C.intheeighteenseventies○D.intheeight