常用微生物学专业名词词汇表.doc

常用微生物学专业名词词汇表.doc

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1、常用微生物学专业名词词汇表activeimmunity(主动免疫):Immunityacquiredthroughdirectstimulationoftheimmunesystembyantigen.activetransport(主动运输):Transportofmoleculesagainstaconcentrationgradient(fromregionsoflowconcentrationtoregionsofhighconcentration)withtheaidofproteinsinthecellmembrane

2、andenergyfromATP.Alcoholfermentation(乙醇发酵):istheformationofalcoholfromsugar.Yeast,whenunderanaerobicconditions,convertglucosetopyruvicacidviatheglycolysispathways,thengoonestepfarther,convertingpyruvicacidintoethanol,aC-2compound.aerobe(好氧微生物):Amicroorganismthatlivesa

3、ndgrowsinthepresenceoffreegaseousoxygen(O2).aflatoxin(黄曲霉毒素):FromAspergillusflavust,amycotoxinthattypicallypoisonsmoldyanimalfeedandcancauselivercancerinhumansandotheranimals.AIDS(爱滋病):AcquiredImmunedeficiencysyndrome.Thecomplexofsignsandsymptomscharacteristicofthelat

4、ephaseofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV)infection.Amestest(艾姆氏实验):Amethodfordetectingmutagenicandpotentiallycarcinogenicagentsbaseduponthegeneticalterationofnutritionallydefectivebacteriaanabolism(合成代谢):Theenergyconsumingprocessofincorporatingnutrientsintoprotoplasmthr

5、oughbiosynthesis.anaerobe(厌氧微生物):Amicroorganismthatgrowsbest,orexclusively,intheabsenceofoxygen.antibiotic(抗生素):Achemicalsubstancefromonemicroorganismthatcaninhibitorkillanothermicrobeeveninminuteamounts.antibody(抗体):Alargeproteinmoleculeevokedinresponsetoanantigentha

6、tinteractsspecificallywiththatantigen.antigen(抗原):Anycell,particle,orchemicalthatinducesaspecificimmuneresponsebyBcellsorTcellsandcanstimulateresistancetoaninfectionoratoxin.antigenicdeterminant(抗原决定基):Theprecisemoleculargroupofanantigenthatdefinesitsspecificityandtri

7、ggerstheimmuneresponse.antimetabolite(抗代谢物):Asubstancesuchasadrugthatcompeteswith,substitutesfor,orinterfereswithanormalmetabolite.antiseptic(防腐剂):Agrowth-inhibitingagentusedontissuestopreventinfection.antiserum(抗血清):Antibody-richserumderivedfromthebloodofanimals(deli

8、beratelyimmunizedagainstinfectiousortoxicantigen)orfrompeoplewhohaverecoveredfromspecificnfections.antitoxin(抗毒素):Globulinfr

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