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1、maxPlanckTheQuantizationofEnergyMaxKarlErnstLudwigPlanckBornatSteinHallinGermany,hewasrecognizedasafamousphysicist.Animportantfounderofquantummechanics.（量子力学）WontheNobelprizeinPhysicsin1918.ChildhoodPlanckspenthisfirstseveralyearsofchildhoodatKiel.Whenhewas9yearsold,in1867,hisfamilymovedtoMunic
2、hwherehewasinspiredbyamathematiciannamedOskarvonMiller.WiththehelpofMiller,hedevelopedhisinterestinmathematicsandphysics.What’smore,Plancklearnedhisfirstphysicalprinciple:energyconservation（能量守恒）.Anditwashisfirsttimethathehadmadeacquaintancewithphysics.Planckin1874In1858,Planckwasborninaconvent
3、ionalfamilywhichhadbeenwelleducated.Hehadsixbrothersandsisters,fourofwhomwasgivenbirthtobyhismother.Andanothertwowereleftbyhisfather’sformerwife.UniversityIn1874,PlanckwasadmittedinUniversityofMunich.Hehadagiftformusicandacommandofpiano,pipeorgan（管风琴）andvioloncello（大提琴）.Heevencomposed（作曲）forsev
4、eralsongsandalightopera.Buthedidn’tchoosethemusicmajor.Instead,hedecidedtomajorinphysics.AphysicsprofessornamedPhilippvonJollyoncetriedtopersuadePlancknottolearnphysics.Hesaid:“Everythingaboutthissciencehadbeenstudied,andonlysomelessimportantblanksneedtobefilled.”However,Planckwasdetermined.Hes
5、aid:“I’mnotsupposedtofindanewcontinentofphysics.TheonlythingIwanttodoistocomprehendthefundamentalknowledgeormaybeIcanmakeitfurther.”Planckin1878PlanckstartedhisphysicsstudyatUniversityofMunichin1874.Duringhiswholescientificcareer,heonlyconductedseveralexperimentswithJolly.Beforelong,hedivertedh
6、isattentionfromexperimentstotheoreticalphysics.In1877,hetransferredtoanotherschoolinBerlin.TherehestudiedunderHermannvonHelmholtz,GustavRobertKirchhoffandKarlWeierstrass.WhenitcametoHermann,Planckoncesaid:“Hepreparesnothingbeforeclassandalwaysmakessomemistakeswhilecalculatingsothatstudentsfindi
7、tboringtoattendhisclass.”AstoGustav,hesaid:“Heteachescarefully,buthisclassisverytedious（冗长的）.”Evenso,PlanckstilldevelopedasincerefriendshipwithHermann.UndertheinfluenceofHermann,whowasthefounderofthermodynamics（热力学）,Planckregarded
