澳大利亚国家概况.ppt

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1、---UniqueGeographicalCultureandPoliticsAustraliaContentsGeography---LocationandSize---GeographicRegions---Climate---MajorCitiesPolitics---Three-tierSystem---TheCommonwealthofAustraliaConstitutionActLocationandSizeAustralialiesintheSouthernHemisphere,betweentheIndianOceanandthePacificOcean.

2、Thecountryissurroundbyseaonallsides:thePacificOceanontheeast,theIndianOceanonthewest,theArafuraSea(阿拉弗拉海)onthenorth,andtheSouthIndianOceanonthesouth.Withatotalareaof7.7millionsquarekilometers,Australiaisthesixthlargestcountryintheworld,afterRussia,Canada,China,theU.S.andBrazil.GeographicRe

3、gionsBroadlyspeaking,Australiacanbedividedintothreegeographicalregions:theEasternHighland,theCentral-EasternLowlandsandtheWesternPlateau.MountKosciuszko(科修斯科山)---thehighestpointofelevation(高地)inAustraliaMurray-DarlingBasin(墨累-达令盆地)theGulfofCarpentaria(卡奔塔利亚湾)theGreatArtesianBasin(大自流盆地)Lak

4、eEyre(艾尔湖)theGreatSandyDesert(大沙沙漠)theGibsonDesert(吉布森沙漠)theGreatVictoriaDesert(维多利亚大沙漠)ClimateThelocationofAustraliaintheSouthernHemispheremakesitsseasonsthereverseofthoseintheNorthernHemisphere.JanuaryandFebruaryarethehottestsummermonths,whileJuneandJulyarethecoldestwintermonths.Theclima

5、teofAustraliavariesgreatlyfromregiontoregion.Inthetropicalareaofthenorth,whichoccupiesaround40%ofthecountry’stotallandmass,itswarmtoextremehotallyearroundandthereisnowinter.Bycontrast,thetemperateregionsofthesouthenjoyamoderateclimate,whichhotsummersandmildwinters.Thecoldestareasarethehigh

6、landsandplateausofTasmaniaandthesoutheasternportionofthemainland.ThehotanddryconditionsofAustraliabringaboutrecurringdroughtsacrossthecountry.MajorCities---CanberraCanberra(堪培拉)---theCapitalofAustraliaCanberraisthepoliticalcentreinAustralia.CanberraisbetweenSydneyandMelbourne.ThenameCanber

7、raoriginallymeans“meetingplace”intheAboriginallanguage.MajorCities---SydneySydneyisthelargestandoldestcityinAustralia.Ithasametropolitanareapopulationofover4.2million,mostofwhomliveinthesuburbs.Sydney(悉尼)---thecapitalcityofNewSouthWales(新南威尔市州)MajorCities---Me