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1、91、TheMeaningofHappiness幸福的意义生词拦路虎1.definev.定义2.implicationn.暗示3.conductv.引导4.definitionn.阐释5.minimizingadj.最小化的6.maximizingadj.最大化的7.underlyingadj.隐含的8.mathematicsn.数学9.deathbedn.临终之时10.surfacen.表面11.casen.情况12.forensicanthropologistn.法医学家13.Rwandan.卢旺达(非洲中东部国家名)14.digup挖掘
2、出15.genociden.种族灭绝16.gruesomeadj.可怕的17.afterwardadv.后来18.hedonismn.享乐主义19.implicitlyadv.含蓄地20.individualn.个人悦读时刻Becausehappinessissomethingmostofusaimfor,howwedefineithasimportantimplicationsforhowweconductourlives.Toseewhy,comparethesetwocompetingdefinitionsofhappiness:1.H
3、appinessisallaboutminimisingpainandmaximisingpleasure.Theunderlyingideahereisthatthereisakindofmathematicsofhappiness.Imagineifonourdeathbedswewereabletoaddupallthemomentsofpleasureinourlivesandthenallthemomentsofpain.Theamountbywhichthepleasuresexceededthepainswouldtellush
4、owhappywewereduringourlives.2.Happinessissatisfactionwithlifeasawhole.Onthesurfacethislookslikethesameideabutactuallyit’scompletelydifferent.ConsiderthecaseofCleaKoff,aforensicanthropologistwhospentnineyearsworkinginRwanda,digginguptheremainsofpeoplekilledinthe1994genocide.
5、Whilethiswasclearlyagruesometaskthatwouldhavegivenmostpeoplenightmares,afterwardssheexplainedthattheworkwasmeaningful,whichmadeitworthwhile.ForKoff,then,happinesswassatisfactionthatshehaddonetherightthingwithherlife.Pleasureandpain.Thefirstdefinitionofhappinessisperhapstheo
6、nemostassociatedwithhedonism,andonethatisimplicitlyacceptedbymanypeople.ButIthinktheseconddefinitionismuchbetterbecauseitmakesroomfortheideathatwegivemeaningtothethingswedo.Happinessisnotjustaheadlongchargetowardswhatevermakesusfeelpleasure,itisaboutfindingsatisfactioninour
7、selvesandinwhatwehavedone.Evenwhenwhatwehavedonehasbeenpainful,likeCleaKoff’swork.Happinessmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.Forexample,somepeoplebelievethatiftheyhavelotsofmoney,theywillbehappy.Theybelievethatiftheyarewealthy,theywillbeabletodoanythingtheywant,whichmea
8、nshappiness.Ontheotherhand,somepeoplebelievethatholdingahighpositioninthegovernmen
