外源微生物对堆肥理化性质及酶活影响的研究.pdf

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1、农业环境科学学报2010，29(3)：592—596JournalofAgro—EnvironmentScience外源微生物对堆肥理化性质及酶活影响的研究李琬，许修宏(东北农业大学资源与环境学院，黑龙江哈尔滨150030)摘要：利用牛粪和稻草为原料进行堆肥实验，通过测定堆肥过程中的温度、含水率等物理、化学指标以及酶活性的变化，研究了接种外源微生物对堆肥过程的影响。结果表明，接种外源微生物比对照提前2d达到高温期，并且维持时间长。大肠杆菌数量及植物毒性比不接种大幅度降低，纤维素酶、脲酶、多酚氧化酶、过氧化氢酶均有所增加。说明

2、接种外源微生物可以使堆肥中微生物数量增多，加速堆料中有机物的分解，加快堆肥腐熟，缩短堆肥反应的进程，对优化堆肥工艺具有重要的意义。关键词：牛粪；堆肥；外源微生物；酶活性中图分类号：S141．4文献标志码：A文章编号：1672—2043(20LO)03—0592—05Physico-ChemicalPropertiesandEnzymicActivitiesinCompostingbyInoculatingExogenousMicrobesLIWan，XUXiu—hong(CoUegeofResourcesandEnviron

3、ment，NortheastAgriculturalUniversity，Harbin150030，China)Abstract：Thedailyincreasingofagriculturalwasteshasposedahugethreattotheenvironmentalsafety．Thepoultrymanuremayleadtose—riousenvironmentalpollutionifitisnothandledproperly，forithassuchfeaturesashigherwaterconte

4、nt，odoroussmell，aswellascontainingthepathogenicmicroorganisms．Ontheotherside，ifthepoultrymanureisdisposedinascientificway，thepollutionmaybecontrolled，andmoreoverthewastesmaybeturnedintotreasure．Compostingisaconlmontechnologyfordisposingofagriculturalwastesatpresent

5、，whichmayleadtoharndessness，reductionandrecyclingofagriculturalwastes．Inoculatingmicroorganismsmayspeedupthecompostingprocessandenhancethequalityofcompostingproduct．Inthisresearchcellulolyticmicroorganismsandazotobacterwereisolatedandselectedfromfleshdai*7manureand

6、compostingmaterialsandinoculatedbackintocompostingofcattlenlanureandricestrawtoenhancetheprocess．Physicalindexessuchastemperature，waterandenzymeactivitiesweredetemlined．Theresultshowedthattheinoculatedcompostwaschar-acterizedbyreachinghightemperature2daysearlierand

7、keepingthisperiodlonger，higheractivitiesofcelluloseenzymic，urease，polyphenoloxidase，catalase，significantreductioninnunlberofEscherichiacoli．andphytotoxicitythanthecontr01．Theresultsindicatedthatinoculatingexogenousmicrobescouldenhancetheactivityofmicrobes，speeddeco

8、mpositionoforganicmatter，acceleratematurity，shortenthetimeofcompostingandwasofgreatsignificancetooptimizethetechnologyofcomposting．Keywords：cattl