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1、Chapter2HistoryTheFoundingoftheNation(5000BC.-1066)Ⅰ.EarlySettlers(5000BC-55BC)①Iberians(伊比利来人):firstknownsettlers②BeakerFolk(宽口陶器人）(2000BC.)③Celts(700BC.)RomanBritainRomanBritain(55BC-410AD)BritishrecordedhistorybeginswiththeRomaninvasion.In55BCand54BC,JuliusCaesar,aRomangeneral,invadedBrit
2、aintwice.InAD43,theEmperorClaudiusinvadedBritainsuccessfully.Fornearly400years,BritainwasundertheRomanoccupation.Roman’sInfluenceonBritainTheRomebuiltmanytowns,road,baths,templesandbuildings.TheymakegooduseofBritain’snaturalresources.Theyalsobroughtthenewreligion,Christianity,toBritain.Reaso
3、nsforlimitedRomaninfluenceonBritainFirst,theRomansalwaystreatedtheBritonsasasubjectpeople(属民)ofslaveclass.Second,Neverduringthe4thCdidtheRomansandBritonsintermarry.Third,theRomanshadnoimpactonthelanguageorcultureofordinaryBritons.ImportantEventsinEnglandfrom446to1066Anglos-Saxons’invasionThe
4、VikingandDanishTheNormanConquestTheAnglo-Saxons(446-871)Inthemid-5thCanewwaveofinvaders,Jutes,SaxonsandAnglescametoBritain.TheywerethreeTeutonic(日耳曼)tribesTheJutes(现丹麦南部）camefirstin449.ThentheSaxons（德国北部）fromtheendof5thCtothebeginningof6thC.LastcametheAngles（德国北部）.ReligionTheearlyAnglo-Saxon
5、sconvertedtoChristianityTheAnglo-SaxonsbroughttheirownTeutonicreligiontoBritain,soChristianitysoondisappearedexceptamongtheCeltsofWales,ScotlandandIreland.In597,PopeGregoryIsentAugustine,thepriorofSt.Andrew’sMonasteryinRome,toEnglandtoconverttheheathenEnglish(英国异教徒)toChristianity.Hewasremark
6、ablysuccessfulinconvertingthekingandthenobility,buttheconversionofthecommonpeoplewaslargelyduetothemissionaryactivitiesofthemonksinthenorth.ThecontibutionsmadebyAnglo-SaxonsFirstly,theydividedthecountryintoshires,withshirecourtsandshrinereeves,responsibleforadministeringlaw.Secondly,theydevi
7、sedthenarrow-strip,three-fieldfarmingsystem(窄条三圃田农耕制）whichcontinuedtothe18thC.Thirdly,theyalsoestablishedthemanorialsystem.(领地制）Fourthly.TheycreatedtheWitan(议会)toadvisetheking,thebasisofthePrivyCouncil(枢密院)whichstillexiststoday.VikingsandDanishinva
