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1、Chapter15AcetateandTriacetateFibersYipingQiuDonghuaUniversityIntroductionFibersinwhichformingsubstanceiscelluloseacetatewherenotlessthan92%ofhydroxylgroupsareacetylated:replacing-OHgroupswith-COCH3.Acetate:2of3-OHgroupsineach6-memberringareacetylated;~2.5Triacetate:Nearl
2、yall-OHgroupsarereplaced2.91~2.96Majoruse:liningfabricsforsuits,coats,draperiesStructuresSurface:straitedCross-section:lobedSkin-corestructureDP:250-300MuchlessH-bondthaninrayonPropertiesAcetate:hydrophilic,thermoplasticTriacetate:hydrophobic,highermeltingandsofteningtem
3、perature,highcrystallinityWrinkleeasilyinhotwater:drycleaningonlySwellsinwater,mechanicalpropertieschangeinwaterResisttoweakalkaliandacidsCanbebleachedPropertiesSolubleinacetoneDegradeinUVlightBurns,melts,formsblackbeadswithvinegarlikeodderProductionSimilartocelluloseray
4、onforthefirstafewstepsCellulosemixedwithaceticacidandaceticanhydride,asulfuricacidcatalystisaddedacetylationtakesplacedegradationofthepolymermakingDPlowtriacetateismadefirstwhenwateradded,someacetylgroupsareremovedGradesfortest1Chapter16NylonFibersYipingQiuDonghuaUnivers
5、ityIntroductionNylon:man-madefibersinwhichfiberformingsubstanceisanylong-chainsyntheticpolyamideinwhichlessthan85%oftheamidelinkagesareattachedto2aromaticringsInventedin1938inDuPontLargestmarket:carpetfiber80%ofmarket14%industrialandconsumerproducts:tirecord,fabricsandro
6、pes11%apparelIntroductionTypes:Mostly:Nylon6andNylon6,6Smallamount:nylon3,nylon4,nylon5,nylon7,nylon8,nylon12,nylon4,6,nylon6,10StructurePolymerization:condensation,eliminatingaH2OmoleculeFunctionalgroup:amidegroupMolecularconfiguration:linearzigzagmoleculesformingwellcl
7、oselypackedpleatedsheetsIMF:H-bondCrystallinity:High65~86%Cross-sectionalandlongitudinalshape:canbeanythingPropertiesTenacity:highduetohighorientationandcrystallinityElongation:highduetozigzagstructureRecovery:highduetozigzagEnergyofrupture:highduetohightenacityandhighel
8、ongation:oneofthetoughestmaterialsFlexibility:highduetozigzagAbrasionresistance:highWaterabsorption:hig
