组织行为学：自变量与因变量.doc

《组织行为学：自变量与因变量.doc》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。

1、组织行为学：自变量与因变量Amodelisanabstractionofreality;asimplifiedrepresentationofsomereal-worldphenomenon.因变量DependentvariablesDependentvariablesarethekeyfactorsyouwanttoexplainorpredict.WhataretheprimarydependentvariablesinOB?Scholarstendtoemphasizeproductivity,absenteeism,turnover,andjobsatisfaction.1.Prod

2、uctivityAnorganizationisproductiveifitachievesitsgoals,anddoessobytransferringinputsintooutputsatthelowestcost.Assuch,productivityimpliesaconcernforbotheffectivenessandefficiency.Abusinessfirmiseffectivewhenitattainsitssalesormarketsharegoals,butitsproductivityalsodependsonachievingthesegoalseffici

3、ently.Measuresofsuchefficiencymayincludereturnoninvestment,profitperdollarofsales,andoutputperhouroflabor.Insummary,oneofOB'smajorconcernsisproductivity.Wewanttoknowwhatfactorswillinfluencetheeffectivenessandefficiencyofindividuals,ofgroups,andoftheoverallorganization.2.AbsenteeismKeepingabsenteeis

4、mlowisveryimportanttoanorganization.Levelsofabsenteeismbeyondthenormalrangeinanyorganizationhaveadirectimpactonthatorganization’seffectivenessandefficiency.Notallabsencesarebad.Whilemostabsencesimpactnegativelyontheorganization,wecanconceiveofsituationswheretheorganizationmaybenefitbyanemployeevolu

5、ntarilychoosingnotcometowork.Forinstance,fatigueorexcessstresscansignificantlydecreaseanemployee’sproductivity.Injobswhereanemployeeneedstobealert—surgeonsandairlinepilotsareobviousexamples—itmaywellbebetterfortheorganizationiftheemployeedoesnotreporttoworkratherthanshowupandperformpoorly.Thecostof

6、anaccidentinsuchjobscouldbeprohibitive.1.TurnoverVoluntaryandinvoluntarypermanentwithdrawalfromtheorganizationAhighrateofturnoverinanorganizationmeansincreasedrecruiting,selection,andtrainingcosts.Itcanalsomeanadisruptionintheefficientrunningofanorganizationwhenknowledgeableandexperiencedpersonnell

7、eaveandreplacementsmustbefoundandpreparedtoassumepositionsofresponsibility.Turnoveroftenmeansthelossofpeopletheorganizationdoesnotwanttolose.Whenturnoverisexcessive,orwhenitinvolvesvaluableperformers,itcanb