初中英语句子成分分析.doc

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1、英语句子最基本句型1.主语+谓语（谓语为不及物动词）Ilaugh./Heruns.2.主语+谓语+宾语（谓语为及物动词）ShelikesEnglish.3.主语+谓语+表语（谓语为系动词）Theylooktired.Wearestudents.英语句子成分讲解一、主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast.(名词)Helikesdancing.(代词)Seeingisbelieving.(动名词)Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)Wha

2、theneedsisabook.(主语从句)Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)二、谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。谓语一般位于主语之后，谓语中最重要的部分是谓语动词，它有人称和数.时态、语态和语气的变化，既然谓语是以动词为中心的，那么，我们研究谓语就从动词入手。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.三、表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateacher.(名词)Seve

3、nty-four!Youdon’tlookit.(代词)Fiveandfiveisten.(数词)Heisasleep.(形容词)Hisfatherisin.(副词)Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.(形容词化的分词)Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.”(不定式)Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(表语从句)常见的系动词有:be(is,am,are,was,were),sound(听起来)，look(看

4、起来)，feel(摸起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝、吃起来)，remain(保持，仍是)，feel(感觉)….Thesoundsoundsstrange.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.四、宾语：1)动作的承受者——动宾IlikeChina.(名词)Hehatesyou.(代词)Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.(数词)Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou

5、.(动名词)Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式)Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?(宾语从句)双宾语——间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.五、宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。Weelectedhimmonitor.(名词)Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.(名)Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容词)Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.

6、(介词短语)Don’tlethimdothat.(省to不定式)Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(带to不定式)Don’tkeepthelightsburning.(现在分词)I’llhavemybikerepaired.(过去分词)六、定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.(名词)Heisourfriend.(代词)Webelongtothethirdworld.(数词)Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson

7、.(形容词)Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)TheboysplayingfootballareinCla2.(现在分词)Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.(过去分词)Ihaveanideatodoitwell.(不定式)YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.(定语从句)七、状语：用来修饰v.,adj,adv,or句子，表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。Iwi

8、llgotheretom