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1、GrammarPastparticiplesusedastheAdverbialReadthesentencesandunderlinethev-edforms.1.Encouragedgreatly,theyworkedevenharder.2.Givenbetterattention,theseflowerscouldhavegrownbetter.3.Consideredmorecarefully,itwouldhavehadagoodresult.4.Borninapoorfamily,hehadonlytwoyearsofschooling.Rewritethese
2、ntences,beginningwiththewordsgiveninbrackets.1)Spokenbyfewerandfewerpeoplethesedays,theNaxilanguagemaydisappearinthefuture.(because)Becauseitisspokenbyfewerandfewerpeoplethesedays,theNaxilanguagemaydisappear.2)Seenfromabove,theoldtownisamazeofcanals,littlebridgesandtinystreets.(when)Wheniti
3、sseenfromabove,theoldtownisamazeofcanals,littlebridgesandtinystreets.3)Passedfromfathertoson,themusichasnotchangedforeightcenturies.(because)Becauseitispassedfromfathertoson,themusichasnotchangedforeightcenturies.4)Lookedatfromadistance,theXishanHillsresembleasleepingbeauty.(when)Whentheyar
4、elookedatfromadistance,theXishanHillsresembleasleepingbeauty.5)Completelyrebuilt,thetownwouldnotbesointeresting.(if)Ifitwerecompletelyrebuilt,thetownwouldnotbesointeresting.Summary:thefunctionsofv-edformasadverbials.过去分词(pastparticiples)或过去分词短语(pastparticipialphrases)作状语是英语中常见的语言现象，可表示时间、原因
5、、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。(1)作时间状语。如：Seenfromthetopofthehill,ourschoollooksbeautiful.从山顶上看，我们学校看起来很美。Heated,liquidscanbechangedintogases.液体被加热会变成气体。注意:作时间状语时,过去分词如果同时表被动和动作完成,常可换用现在分词的被动完成式;过去分词如果只表被动,不表完成,则不可与现在分词的被动完成式换用。如:Discussed(Havingbeendiscussed)manytimes,theproblemsweresettledatlast.在讨论了多次之
6、后,问题终于解决了。(过去分词既表被动又表完成)Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.从山上看这个公园非常漂亮。(过去分词只表被动)相当于when引导的状语从句.如果两个动作同时发生,可在分词前用when,while等使其时间意义更明确(2)作原因状语。如:Attractedbythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidedtospendanothertwodaysonthefarm.被自然美迷住了，来自伦敦的那个姑娘决定在农场再呆两天。Bornandbroughtupinthecountry
7、side,hewasinterestedinbiology.由于在农村出生并长大,他对生物很感兴趣。(3)作条件状语。如：Givenanotherchance,hewilldobetter.再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。Growninrichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快。相当于if,unless引导的从句。相当于as,since,because引导的从句,这类状语多放在句子前半部分。(4)作让步状语。如：Laughedatbymanype
