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1、2013-1Inanessayentitled“MakingItinAmerica”,theauthorAdamDavidsonrelatesajokefromcottoncountryaboutjusthowmuchamoderntextilemillhasbeenautomated:Theaveragemillhasonlytwoemployeestoday,”amanandadog.Themanistheretofeedthedogandthedogistheretokeepthemanawa
2、yfromthemachines.”在一篇名为(entitled)《成功(makeit)在美国》的文章中,作者亚当·戴维森讲述(relate)了这样一个源自棉花出产国的笑话,笑话是关于现代纺织(textile)作坊(mill)已高度自动化(automate):现如今,一家普通作坊里只有两名员工,“一个人和一条狗,人在作坊里是为了喂狗,狗在作坊里是为了使人远离(awayfrom)机器。”Davidson’sarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyapp
3、earedmakingthepointthatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentanddecliningmiddle-classincomestodayisalsobecauseoftheadvancesinbothglobalizationandtheinformationtechnologyrevolution,whicharemorerapidlythaneverreplacinglaborwithmachinesorforeignwor
4、kers.最近出现了很多(anumberof)类似戴维森所写的文章,它们都表明了这样一种看法(makeapoint):之所以失业人数(unemployment)居高难下(stubbornlyhigh)和中产阶级(middle-class)收入(income)持续下降,原因是全球化与信息技术革命已经取得了诸多进步,它们使得机器和国外员工在取代(replace..with)本国劳动力(labor)方面比以往任何时候都要迅速。Inthepast,workerswithaverageskills,doing
5、anaveragejob,couldearnanaveragelifestyle.But,today,averageisofficiallyover.Beingaveragejustwon’tearnyouwhatitusedto.Itcan’t,whensomanymoreemployershavesomuchmoreaccesstosomuchmoreaboveaveragecheapforeignlabor,cheaprobotics,cheapsoftware,cheapautomation
6、andcheapgenius.Therefore,everyoneneedstofindtheirextra—theiruniquevaluecontributionthatmakesthemstandoutinwhateveristheirfieldofemployment.以往,具有一般技术、从事一般工作的员工可以赚得(earn)普通的生活。但现如今,普通人才正式地过时了(officially)。继续普通无法再让你过上以前的生活,其原因是当下更多的雇主可以用(haveaccessto)比普通还要
7、低廉的价格,来雇佣国外员工,购买机器人(robotics)和软件(software),实现自动化(automation),获得天才(genus)。因此,每个人都需要挖掘身上额外的东西来让他们做出独特的、有价值的贡献,这种贡献会让他们脱颖而出(standout),不管他们身处什么工作领域(fieldofemployment)。Yes,newtechnologyhasbeeneatingjobsforever,andalwayswill.Butthere’sbeenanacceleration.AsDa
8、vidsonnotes,“Inthe10yearsendingin2009,(U.S.)factoriesshedworkerssofastthattheyerasedalmostallthegainsoftheprevious70years;roughlyoneoutofeverythreemanufacturingjobs—about6millionintotal—disappeared.”确实,新科技在过去、现在和将来都在“吞噬”工作岗位,但这种“吞噬”速度已经