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1、机械操作人员的技术培训及设备的维修和保养1前言1introduction 随着我国改革开放的不断深入,建设工程招投标法律法规的建立和完善,工程造价按照预算定额已不能满足市场经济发展的需要,而工程量清单计价实行“量”、“价”分离形式,采用“动态价格”形式成为了主要的投标形式,它把价格的决定权逐步交给施工企业,使企业真正具有了自主定价的权利,对施工成本控制起到了决定性的作用。下面就从以下几个方面浅谈一下。WiththedeepeningofthereformandopeningupinChina,theestablishmentandperfecti
2、onoftheconstructionprojectbiddinglawsandregulations,theprojectcostaccordingtothebudgetquotaalreadycannotsatisfytheneedsofthedevelopmentofmarketeconomy,andthebillofquantitiesvaluation"quantity","price"separateform,intheformofpriceof"dynamic"hasbecomethemainformoftender,itistosa
3、ythepricestepbysteptotheconstructionenterprise,makeenterprisereallyhastherightsofindependentpricing,costcontrolofconstructionplayedadecisiverole.Justtalkfromthefollowingseveralaspectsbelow.2科学合理地控制人工、材料、机械台班费用2scientificallycontrollabor,material,mechanicalmachine-teamexpenses
4、 2.1人工费的控制2.1theartificialcostcontrol 人工费约占建筑产品成本的8%~12%,对其的控制主要有:一是对项目消耗工日数量的控制;二是对人工费单价的控制。用工数量按《劳动定额》的工日消耗量与项目作业层签订承包合同;采用技术革新,不断提高员工队伍的技能,注意劳动组合和人机配套;充分利用有效工作时间,以提高劳动生产率,在保证工期、质量、安全的前提下降低工日消耗量。精简富余人员,提高生产工人的技术水平和班组的组织管理水平,合理进行劳动组织。Artificialcostisabout8%~12%ofthecostofcon
5、structionproducts,foritscontrolmainlyhas:oneistocontroltheprojectcostthenumberofman-days;Thesecondiscontroloftheartificialcostunitprice.Laborconsumptionquantityaccordingtothelaborquotaman-dayssignthecontractwiththeprojectoperationlayer;Adopttechnicalinnovation,andconstantlyimp
6、rovethestaff'sskills,payattentiontothecombinationoflaborandman-machinematching;Makefulluseoftheeffectiveworkingtime,inordertoimprovelaborproductivity,intheguaranteeperiod,underthepremiseofquality,safety,reducethelaborconsumption.Simplifysurpluspersonnel,improvethetechnologylev
7、elofproductionworkersandmanagementteamoftheorganization,reasonablelabororganization. 2.2材料成本控制2.2thecostofmaterialscontrol 材料费一般占全部工程项目成本的65%~75%,直接影响工程成本和经济效益。材料费控制包括材料订购、材料价格和材料用量控制三个方面。Materialsgenerallyaccountsfor65%~75%oftotalprojectcosts,directlyaffectsprojectcostandeco
8、nomicbenefits.Ordermaterialcostcontrol,includingmaterial,mate