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1、AtmosphereNewwords&expressionsmonoxiden.一氧化物dioxiden.二氧化物nitrogenn.氮toxicityn.毒性volatileadj.挥发性的，不稳定的evaporatev.（使）蒸发，消失Newwords&expressionsrespiratoryadj.呼吸的airborneadj.空气传播的pesticiden.杀虫剂perchloroethylenen.全氯乙烯thermalinversion逆温catalyticconverter催化转化器AirPollutantsCarbonmonoxideVolatile
2、organiccompoundsParticulatematterSulfurdioxideNitrogendioxideLeadGround-levelozoneandphotochemicalsmogHazardousairpollutantsPrimaryAirPollutantsCarbonmonoxideVolatileorganiccompoundsParticulatematterSulfurdioxideOxidesofnitrogenPrimarystandardsprovidepublichealthprotection,includingprote
3、ctingthehealthof"sensitive"populationssuchasasthmatics,children,andtheelderly.Secondarystandardsprovidepublicwelfareprotection,includingprotectionagainstdecreasedvisibilityanddamagetoanimals,crops,vegetation,andbuildings.Unitsofmeasureforthestandardsarepartspermillion(ppm)byvolume,partsp
4、erbillion(ppb)byvolume,andmicrogramspercubicmeterofair(µg/m3).CriteriaairpollutantsCriteriaairpollutantsNationalambientairqualitystandardsCarbonMonoxideCarbonmonoxideisproducedwhenorganicmaterialssuchasgasoline,coal,wood,andtrashareburnedwithinsufficientoxygen.Thesinglelargestsourceofcar
5、bonmonoxideistheautomobile.VolatileorganiccompoundsVOCsarecomposedprimarilyofcarbonandhydrogen.VOCsareeitherevaporatedfromfuelsuppliesorareremnantsoffuelthatdidnotburncompletely.VolatileorganiccompoundsTheuseofinternalcombustionenginesaccountsforthemajorityofVOCsreleasedintotheair,althou
6、ghrefineriesandotherindustriesaddtothetotalatmosphericburden.Consumerproductssuchasoil-basedpaint,charcoallighter,andmanyotherchemicalsareimportant.ParticulateMatterParticulatematterconsistsofminute(10microsandsmaller)solidparticlesandliquiddropletsdispersedintotheatmosphere.Travelonroad
7、s,agriculturalactivities,constructionsites,industrialprocesses,andsmokeparticlesfromfiresaretheprimarysourcesofcoarseparticles.(greaterthan2.5microns)ParticulateMatterFineparticles(2.5micronsorless)aremostsecondarypollutantsthatformintheatmospherefrominteractionsofprimary
