急性呼吸道感染-04级八年制.ppt

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1、急性呼吸道感染新华医院儿内科钱继红introductionclassificationincidencemortalityAnatomicalcharactersnoseshort,narrowmucosaistenderandsoftrichinbloodvesslenasalobstruction鼻窦炎sinusitis咽鼓管Eustachiantube:broad,short,horizontal中耳炎otitismediaAnatomicalcharacters咽pharynx:扁桃体tons

2、ilismaturewhen4-10yearsoldtonsillitisisfewininfantsAnatomicalcharacters喉larynx:narrow,softandtenderrichinbloodvesselObstructionoflarynxAnatomicalcharactersAnatomicalcharacterstracheaandbronchinarrowtenderandsoftrichinbloodvesslerightbronchi:shortthickAs

3、pirationofforeignbodyAnatomicalcharacterslung:alveoliislittle;richinbloodvesslemediastina:big,tissueisrarefaction（纵隔）thoraciccage:shortbarrelchestribhorizonalDiaphragmahorizonal+mediastinadisplacemenanoxiaRetentionofco2cyanosisPhysiologiccharactersrespi

4、ratoryrate:theyounger,thefasterPhysiologiccharactersbreathingpattern:abdominalbreathing;infantthoracicbreathingchildrenbreathingreserveisweakImmunologiccharactersnonspecificimmunespecificimmuneIgAIgGIgG亚类Acuteupperrespiratoryinfection(AURI)mostcommondis

5、easeinchildrenacutenasopharyngitisacutepharyngitisacutetonsillitisAURIEtiologyEtiologyVirusthemostcommonpathogenes90%RhinovirusesRespiratorysyncytialvirusInfluenzavirusesparainfluenzavirusesAdenovirusesCoxsackievirusCoronavirusesEntervirusesCommonPathog

6、ensofAURIClassificationcommonupperrespiratoryinfectiontwospecifictypes:herpangina疱疹性咽峡炎pharyngo-conjunctivalfever咽结合膜热ClinicalManifestationCommonAURIsorethroatnasalobstructionrhinorrheafevercoughsneezeClinicalManifestationherpanginacoxsackieAvirushyperp

7、yrexia高热pharyngealpain咽痛vomittingPharyngopalatinearch咽腭弓herpescion悬雍垂softpalate软腭ClinicalManifestationpharyngo-conjunctivalfeverAdenoviruses3,7feverpharyngitis咽炎conjunctivitis结膜炎ComplicationotitismediasinusitislaryngitisBronchitispneumoniadifferentialdi

8、agnosisInfluenzainfectiousdiseaseappendicitis阑尾炎Treatmentrestantiviraltreatmentribavirin10mg/kg/dsymptomatictreatmentantipyretic:acetaminophennasaldecongestantcoughsuppression肺炎pneumonia概述发病率、死亡率共同临床特征：发热、咳嗽、气促呼吸困难肺部固定湿啰音肺炎分类病理病因