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1、第52卷第9期机械工程学报Vol.52No.92016年5月JOURNALOFMECHANICALENGINEERINGMay2016DOI：10.3901/JME.2016.09.165*大中型光学元件高效精密磨削技术研究综述金滩李平肖航吴耀(湖南大学国家高效磨削工程技术研究中心长沙410082)摘要：近年来，大中型光学元件(包括平面、球面、非球面及自由曲面)在大型天文望远镜、高功率激光核聚变装置及精密光学测量装置的应用日益广泛，其大批量生产需求驱动了高效精密磨削技术的长足发展。然而，超精密大中型光学元件的短周期、大批量生产
2、对现阶段光学制造能力提出了巨大挑战，同时也推动着其磨削装备技术和磨削工艺技术向更高效率、更高精度及更高自动化水平的方向发展。系统总结大中型光学元件磨削装备技术中机床整机、主轴单元、进给工作台、数控系统和磨削工艺技术中脆性材料塑性去除机理、磨削工具、磨削液及其注入方式、工艺路线规划、检测、误差建模及补偿、环境监控等技术的研究现状，并对上述关键技术问题进行详尽的分析。同时，提出解决上述问题的可能性对策，预测和展望大中型光学元件高效精密磨削技术未来发展趋势。关键词：大中型光学元件；高效精密磨削技术；磨削装备；磨削工艺中图分类号：TG
3、58ResearchSummaryonPrecisionGrindingTechnologyOrientedtoAchieveHighProcessEfficiencyforLargeandMiddle-scaleOpticJINTanLIPingXIAOHangWUYao(NationalEngineeringResearchCentreforHighEfficiencyGrinding,HunanUniversity,Changsha410082)Abstract：Precisiongrindingtechnologyor
4、ientedtoachievehighprocessefficiencyhasbeendevelopedlargelyinrecentyears,drivenbythemassproductionrequirementsformakingthelargeandmiddle-scaleopticsofplane,spherical,asphericalandfreeformsurfacesusedinlargeastronomicaltelescopes,highpowerlaserfusiondevisesandprecisi
5、onopticalmetrologydevices.Thegrandchallengeforprovidingextraordinarymassivenumbersoftheselargeandmiddle-scaleopticsofultra-precisioninshorttimehaspushedthegrindingequipmentandgrindingprocesstechnologymovetowardsmuchhigherefficiency,higherprecisionandhigherautomation
6、level.Theresearchstatusofgrindingequipmentandgrindingprocessforlargeandmiddle-scaleopticaresystematicallysummarizedanddetailedanalyzedfromtheaspectsofcompletemachine,spindleunit,feedtable,NCsystem,brittle-ductiletransitionmechanism,grindingtools,grindingfluidanditsi
7、njection,processrouteplanning,measuring,errormodelingandcompensation,aswellasenvironmentalmonitoringandsoon.Meanwhile,thefeasiblecountermeasurestosolvethekeytechnologyproblemsmentionedarepresented.Andthefuturedevelopmenttendencyofprecisiongrindingtechnologyorientedt
8、oachievehighprocessefficiencyforlargeandmiddle-scaleopticispredictedandprospected.Keywords：largeandmiddle-scaleoptic；precisiongrindingtech
