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1、CHAPTER12Fromsciencetopolicy:developingresponsestoclimatechange1,231,24J.D.Scheraga,K.L.Ebi,J.Furlow,A.R.MorenoIntroductionClimatechangeposesriskstohumanhealth,ecosystems,socialandculturalsystems,andeconomicdevelopment.Italsoprovidesopportunities.Thegoalsofclimatepolicyshouldbetoreducetheris
2、ksandtakeadvantageoftheopportunities.Adaptingtothepotentialeffectsofclimatechangeisacomplexandongoingprocessrequiringactionsbyindividuals,communities,governmentsandinter-nationalagencies.Inordertomakeinformeddecisions,policymakerswillneedtimelyandusefulinformationaboutthepossibleconsequences
3、ofclimatechange,people’sperceptionsofwhethertheconsequencesarepositiveornega-4tive,availableadaptationoptions,andthebenefitsofslowingtherateofclimatechange.Thechallengefortheassessmentcommunityistoprovidethisinfor-mation.Assessmentsmustbemadeofthepotentialconsequencesofclimatechange,aswellaso
4、fopportunitiestoadaptinordertoreducetherisks,ortakeadvantageoftheopportunities,presentedbychange.5Apolicy-focusedassessmentisanongoingprocessdesignedtoprovidetimelyandusefulinformationtodecision-makers(1).Assessmentproductsthataddressdecision-makers’specificquestionsmustbeproducedsothattheyco
5、incidewithdecisionpoints.Decisionswillbemade,includingdecisionstodonothing,whetherornotthescienceiscompleteandthescientificcommunityispreparedtoprovideinput(2).Decisionsmadetodaymightinfluencefutureopportunitiestomitigategreenhousegasemissionsandtoadapttoachangingclimate.Oncepolicymakershavere
6、ceivedinformationfromtheassessmentcom-munity,theirchallengeistointegratethisinformation(whereappropriate)to1GlobalChangeResearchProgram,USEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,OfficeofResearchandDevelopment,Washington,DC,USA.2Theviewsrepressedaretheauthor’sownanddonotreflectofficialUSEPApolicy.3WorldHe
7、althOrganizationRegionalOfficeforEurope,EuropeanCentreforEnvironmentandHealth,Rome,Italy.4TheUnitedStates-MexicoFoundationforScience,MexicoD.F.,Mexico.5Positiveimpactsfromoneperson’sperspectivemaybenegativefromanother’s.6ScheragaandFurlownotethatthe
