From Here to Eternity and BackAre Traversable WormholesPossible从这里到永恒和回归： 可穿越虫洞是可能地吗？.pdf

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1、FromHeretoEternityandBack:AreTraversableWormholesPossible?MaryMargaretMcEachernwithadvisingfromDr.RussellL.HermanPhys.495Spring2009April24,2009DedicatedinMemoryofMyDearFriendandUNCWAlumnusKarenE.Gross(April11,1982~Jan.4,2009)DoPhysicistsCare,andWhy?Arewormholespossible?H

2、owcanwemodeltoproveordisprove?WormholesarebeingtakenseriouslyPossibleuses?InterstellartravelTimetravelOutlineHistoryModelsthatfailDesirabletraitsGeneralrelativityprimerMorris-ThornewormholeCurvatureStressenergytensorBoundaryconditionsandembeddingsGeodesicsExa

3、mplesTimemachinesandfutureresearchWhatisaWormhole?“Hypotheticalshortcutbetweendistantpoints”GeneralrelativityHistoricalPerspectiveAlbertEinstein–generalrelativity~1916KarlSchwarzschild–firstexactsolutiontofieldequations~1916UniquesphericallysymmetricvacuumsolutionLu

4、dwigFlamm~1916WhiteholesolutionHistoricalPerspectiveEinsteinandNathanRosen~1935“Einstein-RosenBridge”–firstmathematicalproofKurtGödel~1948Timetunnelspossible?JohnArchibaldWheeler~1950’sCoinedterm,“wormhole”MichaelMorrisandKipThorne~1988“Mostpromising”–wormholesast

5、oolstoteachgeneralrelativityTraversableWormholes?MattertravelsfromonemouthtootherthroughthroatNeverobservedBUTprovenvalidsolutiontofieldequationsofgeneralrelativityBlackHolesNottheAnswerTidalforcestoostrongHorizonsOne-waymembranesTimeslowstostop“Schwarzschildwormho

6、les”FailforsamereasonsSimpleModels–GeometricTraitsEverywhereobeysEinstein’sfieldequationsSphericallysymmetric,staticmetric“Throat”connectingasymptoticallyflatspacetimeregionsNoeventhorizonTwo-waytravelFinitecrossingtimeSimpleModels–PhysicalTraitsSmalltidalforcesRe

7、asonablecrossingtimeReasonablestress-energytensorStableAssemblypossibleALittleGeneralRelativityPrimerG8GT1GRRg2Fieldequations–relatespacetimecurvaturetomatterandenergydistributionLeftside–CurvatureRightside–StressenergytensorSummationindicesMoreonGener

8、alRelativity“Spaceactsonmatter,tellingithowtomove.Inturn,matterreactsbackonspace,tellingi